Exhaled Breath Analysis and Sleep

Wake-up call by breathomics in sleep apnoea

“…This extends previous studies in search of exhaled biomarkers in OSAS using a priori selected volatile and non-volatile compounds [16]. Even though eNose measurements cannot identify individual volatile compounds in exhaled air, the composite molecular patterns are apparently providing an exhaled signature of OSAS.…”

“…An exhaled metabolomic signature of OSAS may not be unexpected [16,17,19]. Indeed, several exhaled inflammatory and oxidative stress markers have already been described in OSAS as being the possible result of intermittent hypoxia and reperfusion during repetitive episodes of nocturnal apnoea.…”

“…Why did they do this study? OSAS does not appear to represent merely a mechanical problem of the extrapulmonary airways, but is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome, including glucose intolerance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension [15,16]. Hence, there is a good rationale for examining exhaled molecular profiles as a representation of systemic metabolic changes in OSAS.…”

Nasal nitric oxide in sleep-disordered breathing in children

“…Studies in adults using different methodologies have shown increased upper airway inflammation in OSA [7][8][9][10][11][12]. In children, markers of local inflammation were also found [13][14][15][16][17].…”

Salivary Biomarkers of Physical Fatigue as Markers of Sleep Deprivation

“…47 Other methods for measuring sleepiness have focused on changes in the composition of serum, 48 saliva, 49 cerebrospinal fluid, 50,51 exhaled breath, and exhaled breath condensate. 52 Inflammatory factors such as IL-6, TNF-α, von Willebrand factor, and C-reactive protein 53,54 have drawn considerable attention. A gene expression study identified salivary amylase as a biomarker of sleep drive in both fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) and humans.…”