Exhaled Breath Condensate Study for Biomarkers Discovery

Patsiris, S.; Exarchos, T.; Vlamos, P.

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-07802-6_7

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2023

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“…Besides, it can be used to assess the multi markers in respiratory diseases, such as cytokines, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, adenosine, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide-derived products, and hydrogen ions. Moreover, it has been used for drug monitoring, diagnosis, and environmental health, and it could be considered an alternative sample type for pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) studies (2,6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Exhaled Breath Condensate Analysis for Drug Monitoring and Bioequivalence Study of Inhaled Drugs

Hashemzadeh¹,

Rahimpour²,

Jouyban

2023

J Pharm Pharm Sci

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The exhaled breath condensate (EBC) presents a simple and non-invasive alternative approach for bioequivalence assessments and therapeutic drug monitoring of inhaled drugs. EBC better represents the drug at the site of action and eliminates the possibility of the contribution of a swallowed portion of the dose when systemic bioavailability is used for assessment. This review summarizes the recently reported analytical methods for the quantification of drugs in EBC. It also discusses the difficulties in the bioequivalence evaluation criteria of generic orally inhaled drug products suggested by various regulatory agencies that may be eliminated using the EBC analysis approach.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%