Exhaust Emissions from Heavy-Duty Trucks Tested on a Road Course and by Dynamometer

Kennedy, Gordon J.; White, John T.; Springer, Karl J.; Ingalls, M.N.

doi:10.4271/750901

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Direct comparison of on-road and chassis dynamometer exhaust emissions using the same vehicles has been made by Kennedy et al 32 The vehicles are 45 in-use trucks, 35 of them SI, driven on the dynamometer using a chassis dynamometer version of the 9-mode heavy-duty engine FTP, and on the road using a road route (defined in the paper) with similar average speed and with on-board exhaust sampling. The 9-mode test, unlike the roadway test, contains no accelerations.…”

Section: ~31mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the SCAQS Tunnel Study with Other On Road Vehicle Emission Data

Pierson

Gertler

Bradow³

1990

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

163

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The Van Nuys Tunnel experiment conducted in 1987 by Ingalls et al.(see A&WMA Paper 89-137.3), to verify automotive emission inventories as part of the Southern California Air Quality Study (SCAQS), gave higher CO and HC emission-rate values than expected on the basis of automotive-emission models-by factors of approximately 3 and 4, respectively. The CO/NO X and HC/NO X emission-rate ratios moreover were higher than expected-by similar factors (NO X emission rates were about as expected). The purpose of the present paper is to review the literature on dynamometer and on-road (in tunnels and along roadways) testing of inuse vehicles, and on urban-air CO/HC/NO X concentration ratios, to see whether the Van Nuys Tunnel results are reasonable in terms of previous experience. The conclusions are that (1) on-road CO and HC emissions higher than expected have been reported before, (2) on-road CO and HC emissions consistent with the Van Nuys Tunnel results have been reported before, and (3) on-road CO/NO X and HC/NO X emission-rate ratios higher than expected have been reported before. The Van Nuys Tunnel NO X results actually are lower than in other on-road experiments, and the CO/NO X and HC/NO X ratios consequently are higher. The higher-than-predicted CO/NO X and HC/NO X ratios at Van Nuys and other on-road sites suggest richer operation on-road than predicted or than observed in the inuse-vehicle dynamometer tests which serve as the model inputs. Support for these suggestions and conclusions is found in comparison of urban-air and emission-inventory HC/NO X ratios.The Southern California Air Quality Study (SCAQS) is a large cooperative air quality study designed to address the problem of air pollution in the Los Angeles basin by developing a better scientific understanding of the processes in- ImplicationsThis paper suggests the existence of a discrepancy, in California and nationwide, between predicted and measured on-the-road motor vehicle emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. It is important to resolve the issue, because it affects the analysis of the 1987 Southern California Air Quality Study (SCAQS) and more generally because it affects air quality modeling and regulatory strategies for motor vehicle emissions in California and nationwide. One component of the SCAQS field measurements was a highway tunnel experiment conducted in Van Nuys, CA, by Ingalls et al. 2>3 with CRC support. The purpose was to determine automotive pollutant emission rates in an on-road setting in the Los Angeles basin, for use in constructing the emissions inventory needed for the SCAQS.The NO X emission rates deduced from the tunnel experiment proved to agree reasonably well with predictions from the CARB EMFAC7C (i.e., version 7C of EMFAC) model, 4 which uses very extensive dynamometer emission rates as inputs, or the similar EPA MOBILE4 model. 5 However, the CO and hydrocarbon (HC) emission rates were substantially higher than predicted, by a factor of 2.7 ± 0.8 on the average for CO and 4.0 ± 1.8 for HC, relative to EMFAC7...

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Section: ~31mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the SCAQS Tunnel Study with Other On Road Vehicle Emission Data

Pierson

Gertler

Bradow³

1990

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

163

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“…Comparison with Emission Studies. Emission rates determined (39) over an on-road driving course for 10 high-mileage heavy-duty diesel trucks were 14.6 (CO), 11.7 (NO*), and 2.3 (HC) g/vehicle km. These values compare very well with the present results for diesel vehicles when one accounts for the acceleration modes in the driving course vs. the steady-state conditions at Allegheny.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-road emission rates of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and gaseous hydrocarbon

Gorse¹

1984

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…If these effects are significant, it may be necessary to incorporate them into inventory models. Although several studies have investigated the emissions from light heavy-duty vehicles, few have addressed the impact of payload on emissions ( − ). In earlier work, Black et al studied the emissions from a fleet of six 1973−1980 light heavy-duty gasoline vehicles with stake-bed and van chassis ().…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Payload on Exhaust Emissions from Light Heavy-Duty Diesel and Gasoline Trucks

Durbin

Norbeck

Wilson

et al. 2000

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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This paper presents the results of a study of the effects of increasing payloads on emissions from light heavy-duty pickup trucks. Since vehicles in this category are often more heavily loaded than passenger cars, it is important to evaluate the potential impact of these additional loads on emissions. For this program, light heavy-duty vehicles were tested over a combination of three test weights (empty, half-loaded, and fully loaded) and different driving cycles (FTP, ST01, and CD arterial level of service cycle). The test matrix included five light heavy-duty diesel trucks and two light heavy-duty gasoline trucks. The diesel vehicles showed a trend of increasing PM, and CO 2 emissions over the cycles used with NO x emissions increasing modestly. The trends for the diesel THC and CO emissions were less consistent and depended on the specific cycle and vehicle. For gasoline vehicles, CO and CO 2 emissions increased with increasing payload over most of the vehicle/cycle combinations tested.

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Exhaust Emissions from Heavy-Duty Trucks Tested on a Road Course and by Dynamometer

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Comparison of the SCAQS Tunnel Study with Other On Road Vehicle Emission Data

Comparison of the SCAQS Tunnel Study with Other On Road Vehicle Emission Data

On-road emission rates of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and gaseous hydrocarbon

Effect of Payload on Exhaust Emissions from Light Heavy-Duty Diesel and Gasoline Trucks

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