Exhaust emissions of an LPG powered vehicle in real operating conditions

Merkisz, Jerzy; Gallas, Dawid; Siedlecki, Maciej; Szymlet, Natalia; Sokolnicka, Barbara

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/201910000053

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For other substances, the monitored values are normal, even far below the permitted values. As described above, this fact was pointed out in his research by Merkisz et al [48]. As for the COC comparison, the vehicle produced an excessive amount of CO 2 , but only when burning gasoline.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…It is equally important to compare the production of emissions with the emission standards that set limit values for pollutants in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. This comparison was made in the research of Merkisz et al The result of such a comparison exceeded the CO limit by 0.472 g/km [48]. The HC and NO x emission limits were not exceeded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Exhaust Emissions Measurement of a Vehicle with Retrofitted LPG System

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the production of exhaust emissions from a vehicle with a petrol engine with the Euro 4 emission standard and powered by petrol and LPG (liquefied petroleum gas). The paper presents new possibilities for monitoring exhaust emissions using an exhaust gas analyzer. At the same time, it points out the topicality and significance of the issue in the monitored area. It examines the impact of a change in fuel on emissions. This change is monitored in various areas of vehicle operation. Measurements were performed during real operation, which means that the results are fully usable and applicable in practice. The driving simulation as well as the test conditions correspond to the RDE (Real Driving Emissions) test standard. A commercially available car was first selected to perform the tests, which was first measured in the original configuration (petrol drive). Based on real-time RDE driving tests, it is possible to determine the number of exhaust emissions. Subsequently, the same measurements were performed with the same vehicle, but the vehicle’s propulsion was changed to LPG. The vehicle was equipped with an additional system that allowed the vehicle to be powered by LPG. The results from the individual driving tests allowed the determination of the exhaust emissions. Emissions of CO (carbon monoxide), CO2 (carbon dioxide), HC (hydrocarbons), and NOX (nitrogenoxides) were monitored as a matter of priority. Through the driving tests, it was found that the gasoline combustion produced higher CO (1.926 g/km) and CO2 (217.693 g/km) emissions compared to the combustion of liquefied gas, where the concentration of the CO emissions was 1.892 g/km and that of the CO2 emissions was 213.966 g/km. In contrast, the HC (0.00397 g/km) and NOX (0.03107 g/km) emissions were lower when petrol was burned. During LPG combustion, the HC emissions reached 0.00430 g/km, and the NOX emissions reached 0.05134 g/km. At the end of the research, the authors compared the emissions determined by real driving (in g/km) with the emission values produced by the emission standard EURO 4 and the certificate of conformity (COC). Practical measurements showed that the vehicle produced excessive amounts of CO when burning gasoline. This production is 0.926 g/km higher and 0.892 g/km higher when burning LPG compared to the limit set by the Euro 4 Emission Standard. The difference is even greater than the limit value stated in the COC document. For other substances, the monitored values are in the norm and are even far below the permitted value

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Exhaust Emissions Measurement of a Vehicle with Retrofitted LPG System

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Fuel cells have another feature that is difficult to consider in cold cost-benefit calculations: it is a practical solution that stimulates our imagination. Many specialists see them as another important, ecologically clean source of energy in the 21st century [ 174 , 175 , 176 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Nanocomposites and Hybrids as Electrode Materials Used in Energy Carriers

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Over the past decades, the application of new hybrid materials in energy storage systems has seen significant development. The efforts have been made to improve electrochemical performance, cyclic stability, and cell life. To achieve this, attempts have been made to modify existing electrode materials. This was achieved by using nano-scale materials. A reduction of size enabled an obtainment of changes of conductivity, efficient energy storage and/or conversion (better kinetics), emergence of superparamagnetism, and the enhancement of optical properties, resulting in better electrochemical performance. The design of hybrid heterostructures enabled taking full advantage of each component, synergistic effect, and interaction between components, resulting in better cycle stability and conductivity. Nowadays, nanocomposite has ended up one of the foremost prevalent materials with potential applications in batteries, flexible cells, fuel cells, photovoltaic cells, and photocatalysis. The main goal of this review is to highlight a new progress of different hybrid materials, nanocomposites (also polymeric) used in lithium-ion (LIBs) and sodium-ion (NIBs) cells, solar cells, supercapacitors, and fuel cells and their electrochemical performance.

show abstract

“…The author presented his own design of an ATEG thermoelectric generator for automotive applications and made measurements to determine the amount of recovered electricity. At the same time, in the research on the assessment of pollutant emissions and energy consumption of various groups of machines [ 49 , 50 ], it becomes more and more necessary to take into account the state of charge of electrical storage devices before and after the test. The use of modern lithium-ion batteries with increased efficiency will have a positive effect on the energy balance of the vehicle, and thus will increase its environmental friendliness.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Electrochemical Stability of Starch Carbon as an Important Property in the Construction of a Lithium-Ion Cell

Kurc

Pigłowska

Rymaniak

2021

Entropy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper shows use of starch-based carbon (CSC) and graphene as the anode electrode for lithium-ion cell. To describe electrochemical stability of the half-cell system and kinetic parameters of charging process in different temperatures, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement was adopted. It has been shown that smaller resistances are observed for CSC. Additionally, Bode plots show high electrochemical stability at higher temperatures. The activation energy for the SEI (solid–electrolyte interface) layer, charge transfer, and electrolyte were in the ranges of 24.06–25.33, 68.18–118.55, and 13.84–15.22 kJ mol−1, respectively. Moreover, the activation energy of most processes is smaller for CSC, which means that this electrode could serve as an eco-friendly biodegradable lithium-ion cell element.

show abstract

Exhaust emissions of an LPG powered vehicle in real operating conditions

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Exhaust Emissions Measurement of a Vehicle with Retrofitted LPG System

Exhaust Emissions Measurement of a Vehicle with Retrofitted LPG System

Modern Nanocomposites and Hybrids as Electrode Materials Used in Energy Carriers

The Electrochemical Stability of Starch Carbon as an Important Property in the Construction of a Lithium-Ion Cell

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About