Exhumation of the southern transpressive Bucaramanga fault, eastern Cordillera of Colombia: Insights from detrital, quantitative thermochronology and geomorphology

Bermúdez, Mauricio A.; Velandia, Francisco; García-Delgado, Helbert; Jiménez, Dony; Bernet, Matthias

doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2020.103057

Cited by 10 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…It also led to the formation of an orographic rain shadow on the foothills of the Central and Southern Andes [43,44] from late Miocene (~11 Ma) onwards. As for the latter phenomenon, AFT data have revealed swift mountain uplift in the past 8-5 Ma in the Northern Andes (the Cocuy area of the Eastern Cordillera in particular [45][46][47][48]), but less so in the Central and Southern Andes. This scenario is supported by dated phylogenies from various plant groups showing young ages and rapid diversifications in the Northern Andes, but older ages in Central and Southern Andes [4,5,35,49,50].…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Andes through time: evolution and distribution of Andean floras

Pérez‐Escobar

Zizka

Bermúdez

et al. 2022

Trends in Plant Science

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107

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The Andes are the world's most biodiverse mountain chain, encompassing a complex array of ecosystems from tropical rainforests to alpine habitats. We provide a synthesis of Andean vascular plant diversity by estimating a list of all species with publicly available records, which we integrate with a phylogenetic dataset of 14 501 Neotropical plant species in 194 clades. We find that (i) the Andean flora comprises at least 28 691 georeferenced species documented to date, (ii) Northern Andean mid-elevation cloud forests are the most species-rich Andean ecosystems, (iii) the Andes are a key source and sink of Neotropical plant diversity, and (iv) the Andes, Amazonia, and other Neotropical biomes have had a considerable amount of biotic interchange through time. HighlightsWe present an evolutionary and floristic synthesis of Andean plant diversity and evolution across time and space.Uplift of the Andes varied across time and space. Particularly, the fast uplift rates between 8 and 5 Ma in the Northern Andes may have favoured plant diversification.Using online specimen databases, we suggest that the Andean flora comprises at least 28 691 species. We identify North Andean montane forests as the potential species richest area.Using a biogeographic analysis on a dataset of 14 501 Neotropical species in 194 clades, we reveal that the Andes are both a key source and sink of Neotropical vascular plant biodiversity. We unveil strong biogeographical links between the Andes, Amazonia, and Central America.We highlight a number of critical research gaps, notably major Andean plant groups are still understudied, and fewer studies exist for the Central and Southern Andes. Filling these gaps will allow a more holistic understanding of Andean floras and provide essential tools for their conservation.

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Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Andes through time: evolution and distribution of Andean floras

Pérez‐Escobar

Zizka

Bermúdez

et al. 2022

Trends in Plant Science

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107

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“…Based on the spatial distribution of the 30 anomalies identified in this study, we suggest that most of the anomalies are landslide-type anomalies. The anomalies related to faults are interpreted as having a tectonic origin [ 49 ]. The Zengqu River flows across several fault zones ( Figure 2 a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In anomaly region 2, the two largest anomalies are distributed along the fault line, not along the mainstream of the Zengqu River ( Figure 5 ). Tectonic anomalies are longer than those related to lithological contacts and landslides [ 49 ]. Thus, they probably have a tectonic origin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applicability of Geomorphic Index for the Potential Slope Instability in the Three River Region, Eastern Tibetan Plateau

Liu

Yao

2021

Sensors

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Geomorphic indices (e.g., the normalized channel steepness index (Ksn) and the stream length-gradient index (SL)) highlight changes in fluvial shapes and gradients. However, the application of these indices was seldom used to identify potential landslide zones. In this study, we used the Ksn and SL indices to detect the significant variations in the stream power along river reaches, which are anomalies associated with landslides, in the Zengqu River watershed, the upper reaches of the Jinsha River. Most of the landslide anomalies originate along the trunk and surrounding tributaries below the knickpoint of the mainstream. This suggests an erosional wave is migrating upstream throughout the drainage area. The fluvial incision may generate over-steepened hillslopes, which could fail in the future. In addition, the divide asymmetry index (DAI) predicts the direction of the divide as the headwaters migrate toward lower relief, higher elevation surfaces. Landslides are expected to occur as the unstable divide migrates. The proposed methodology can benefit the detection and characterization of potential landslide zones. It should improve hazard and risk analysis and the identification of drainage network areas associated with landslides.

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“…The origin of the Eastern Cordillera has been explained from the point of view of transpressional models by several authors (e.g., Kammer, 1999;Taboada et al, 2000;Sarmiento, 2001;Sarmiento-Rojas et al, 2006;Velandia et al, 2020). Transpression is especially pronounced at the southern termination of the sinistral Bucaramanga Fault (Velandia and Bermúdez, 2018;Bermúdez et al, 2021), the study area of this work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%