Existence of a tribo-modified surface layer of BR/S-SBR elastomers reinforced with silica or carbon black

Mokhtari, Milad; Schipper, Dirk J.

doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2014.09.021

Cited by 17 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…4 demonstrate the absence of the modified surface layer on sample (1); the elastic moduli inside and outside the wear track are approximately similar. It was shown that formation of such a layer and its properties are dependent on the tribological conditions and consequently the mechanical energy that has been applied to the rubber surface [20]. Considering the fact that the coefficient of friction of sample (1) is higher than for sample (2), it may be concluded that the frictional work generated in contact with sample (1) with the granite is higher in comparison with the sample (2) granite tribo-system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The important role of shearing the top rubber layer in the overall friction is demonstrated in some tribological systems [19]. It has been shown that s f may change due to degradation of the top rubber layer in contact with the counter-surface, and therefore, the overall friction changes [20]. The rubber surface that is in contact with the counter-surface undergoes changes in mechanical properties (and chemical compositions) in comparison with the bulk or with the non-contact parts of the rubber surface [21][22][23][24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Thin Modified Surface Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). This is especially important in tribo-systems where the contribution from shearing the top rubber layer is controlling the friction [20]. Moreover, not much research has been performed on understanding the physical properties of the tribo-modified surface layers on elastomers.…”

Section: Thin Modified Surface Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The generated modified surface layer, i.e., the mechanical properties, is studied experimentally. The mechanical properties of the modified surface layers are dependent on the tribological conditions; it has been shown that a more severe tribological condition might lead to more loss of elastic modulus [20]. Moreover, wear is also dependent on the tribological conditions, and it can change dramatically depending on the tribological conditions.…”

Section: Thin Modified Surface Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [25], scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging was used to visualize such a layer. No quantitative data, except about the thickness of the layer, could be derived from SEM imaging; therefore, atomic force microscope (AFM) nano-indentations were used to investigate the mechanical properties of the modified surface layer [20]. The mechanical properties of the wear track of both samples were studied using AFM nano-indentations and compared with the bulk or non-contact sections of the rubber disk.…”

Section: Afm Nano-indentationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Existence of a Tribo-Modified Surface Layer on SBR Elastomers: Balance Between Formation and Wear of the Modified Layer

et al. 2015

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In most of the tribological contacts, the composition and tribological properties of the original interface will change during use. The tribo-films, with modified properties compared to the bulk, are dynamic structures that play a significant role in friction. The existence of a tribo-modified surface layer and its importance on the overall friction of elastomers has been shown both theoretically and experimentally before. The characteristics of the modified surface layer deserve specific attention since the tribological properties of elastomers in contact with a rough counter-surface are determined by these modified surfaces together with the properties of bulk of the material. Both the formation of the modified layer and the break down (wear) of it are of importance in determining the existence and thickness of the tribo-modified layer. In this study, the importance of the wear is emphasized by comparing two styrene butadiene rubber-based elastomers in contact with a granite sphere. A current status of perception of the removal and the stability of the modified surface layers on rubbers is introduced as well as experimental work related to this matter and discussion within literature. Pin-on-disk friction tests are performed on two SBR-based samples in contact with a granite sphere under controlled environmental conditions to form the modified surface layer. Although the hysteresis part of the friction force which has a minor contribution in the overall friction is not markedly different, the total measured friction coefficient differs significantly. Mechanical changes both inside and outside the wear track are determined by atomic force microscope nano-indentations at different timescales to examine the modified surface layer on the test samples. The specific wear rates of the two tribo-systems are compared, and the existence of the modified surface layer, the different measured friction coefficient and the running-in distances toward steady-state friction are explained considering different wear rates. A conceptual model is presented, correlating the energy input into the tribo-system and the existence of a modified surface layer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thin Modified Surface Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thin Modified Surface Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thin Modified Surface Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Afm Nano-indentationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Existence of a Tribo-Modified Surface Layer on SBR Elastomers: Balance Between Formation and Wear of the Modified Layer

et al. 2015

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The Formation of a Modified Surface Layer on Elastomeric Materials

2019

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Surface modification of an elastomer may be formed during sliding contact with a rigid counter surface. This alteration leads to a change of mechanical properties at the surface and as a result a change in frictional behavior. Therefore, investigations related to the formation of a modified surface layer on elastomers and its effect on friction are of importance. In the present study, the formation of a modified surface layer on elastomer reinforced by silica is studied. Sliding friction is performed using a pin-on-disc tribometer. Several parameters are varied, namely contact pressure, velocity, and roughness of the counter surface. The existence of a modified surface layer is investigated by using a scanning electron microscope. The results show that the existence of a modified surface layer depends on the competition between the formation rate of the layer and the wear rate. The formation of the layer depends on the contact pressure, velocity, and sliding distance. A general formulation to calculate the volume of formation is proposed. Furthermore, a map of the formation of a modified surface layer is developed.

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Rough contact mechanics for viscoelastic graded materials: The role of small-scale wavelengths on rubber friction

Scaraggi

Comingio

2017

International Journal of Solids and Structures

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We present a numerical model for the prediction of the rough contact mechanics of a viscoelastic block, with graded rheology, in steady sliding contact with a randomly rough rigid surface. In particular, we derive the effective surface response of a stepwise or continuously-graded block in the Fourier domain, which is then embedded in a Fourier-based residuals molecular dynamic formulation of the contact mechanics. Finally we discuss on the role of small-scale wavelengths on rubber friction and contact area, and we demonstrate that the rough contact mechanics exhibits effective interface properties which converge to asymptotes upon increase of the small-scale roughness content, when a realistic rheology of the confinement is taken into account.We consider the case of a rigid, periodically-rough surface (of L 0 periodic length, in both x-and y-direction, with small wavelength cut-off frequency q 0 = 2π/L 0 ) in steady sliding adhesionless contact with a graded body characterized by linear rheology, under isothermal and frictionless conditions. We assume the small deformation regime to apply,

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Existence of a tribo-modified surface layer of BR/S-SBR elastomers reinforced with silica or carbon black

Cited by 17 publications

References 43 publications

Existence of a Tribo-Modified Surface Layer on SBR Elastomers: Balance Between Formation and Wear of the Modified Layer

Existence of a Tribo-Modified Surface Layer on SBR Elastomers: Balance Between Formation and Wear of the Modified Layer

The Formation of a Modified Surface Layer on Elastomeric Materials

Rough contact mechanics for viscoelastic graded materials: The role of small-scale wavelengths on rubber friction

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