Exogenous application of glycine betaine alleviates cadmium toxicity in super black waxy maize by improving photosynthesis, the antioxidant system and glutathione-ascorbic acid cycle metabolites

Zhang, Gensheng; Ba, Qingsong; Chen, Sixiao; Liu, Fangfang; Li, Guiping

doi:10.1007/s42976-020-00062-9

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Our results showed that the contents of these three substances were significantly higher in the T tobacco leaves than in the WT tobacco leaves, indicating that GB accumulation can induce the accumulation of other compatible substances. These results are consistent with previous studies [61,62], indicating that GB accumulation may increase the accumulation of these three substances to improve the OA, especially the free proline content. However, another study reached different conclusions [63], which we speculate might be related to the different experimental materials and stress conditions employed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Transgenic Tobacco with the BADH Gene Shows Enhanced Photosynthesis Resistance to Drought Stress Induced by PEG-6000

Wang,

Yang,

Xue

2024

Agronomy

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Extreme weather events, including drought, have occurred worldwide with increasing frequency and severity in recent years. Drought stress is the main limiting factor for agricultural development in many regions, including tobacco—an important economic crop and a model plant for scientific research. As it is adapted to the tropics, tobacco is highly susceptible to drought stress, with resultant decreases in yield and quality. Glycine betaine (GB) is an osmoregulatory substance that can enhance plant resistance to various abiotic stresses. Here, we investigate the protective mechanism of genetically engineered glycine betaine (GB) on tobacco photosynthesis under drought stress induced by 30% PEG-6000. This study used transgenic tobacco (T) accumulating GB and wild-type tobacco (WT) to investigate the protective effects conferred by the genetic engineering of GB synthesis on tobacco photosynthesis under drought stress (induced by 30% PEG-6000). The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate of the tobacco plants significantly decreased under drought stress, and the degree of decrease was significantly lower in the T line than in the WT line. GB accumulation improved the resistance of photosynthesis to drought stress. Furthermore, under drought stress, the photosynthesis improvement in the T line was related to the accumulation of GB, leading to maintenance of the water status, the promotion of osmotic regulation, and an enhancement in antioxidant enzyme activities, which reduced membrane peroxidation and thereby increased the thylakoid membrane’s protein content and function, especially the photosystem II (PSII) function. The results provide a theoretical basis for further research on genetic engineering related to GB synthesis and the field application of exogenous GB.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Transgenic Tobacco with the BADH Gene Shows Enhanced Photosynthesis Resistance to Drought Stress Induced by PEG-6000

Wang,

Yang,

Xue

2024

Agronomy

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“…Glutathione can exert antioxidant effects through the ascorbate–glutathione cycle [ 46 ]. Zhang et al [ 47 ] found that, with the increase in Cd concentration, the GSH content of ultra-black glutinous maize showed a decreasing trend, which was similar to our experiment. The decrease in glutathione content in this experiment could be attributed to the Cd-tolerant bacteria, which could not prevent the induced expression of Cd on the HO-1 gene, leading to the depletion of GSH [ 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Investigating the Mechanism of Cadmium-Tolerant Bacterium Cellulosimicrobium and Ryegrass Combined Remediation of Cadmium-Contaminated Soil

Li,

Xu,

Song

et al. 2024

Plants

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Cadmium (Cd) pollution has been rapidly increasing due to the global rise in industries. Cd not only harms the ecological environment but also endangers human health through the food chain and drinking water. Therefore, the remediation of Cd-polluted soil is an imminent issue. In this work, ryegrass and a strain of Cd-tolerant bacterium were used to investigate the impact of inoculated bacteria on the physiology and biochemistry of ryegrass and the Cd enrichment of ryegrass in soil contaminated with different concentrations of Cd (4 and 20 mg/kg). The results showed that chlorophyll content increased by 24.7% and 41.0%, while peroxidase activity decreased by 56.7% and 3.9%. In addition, ascorbic acid content increased by 16.7% and 6.3%, whereas glutathione content decreased by 54.2% and 6.9%. The total Cd concentration in ryegrass increased by 21.5% and 10.3%, and the soil’s residual Cd decreased by 86.0% and 44.1%. Thus, the inoculation of Cd-tolerant bacteria can improve the antioxidant stress ability of ryegrass in Cd-contaminated soil and change the soil’s Cd form. As a result, the Cd enrichment in under-ground and above-ground parts of ryegrass, as well as the biomass of ryegrass, is increased, and the ability of ryegrass to remediate Cd-contaminated soil is significantly improved.

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“…Ca and Mg are crucial nutrients for the development and growth of crops. Ca and Mg can control kernel STC synthesis in maize via physiological mechanisms, including the regulation of membrane permeability, activation of hormonal components and enzyme systems, and maintenance of cellular osmotic pressure ( Abadi et al., 2020 ; Zhang G. S. et al, 2020 ). Hence, an investigation into the regulation of STC synthesis and accumulation in maize kernels by Ca and Mg can contribute to a more comprehensive comprehension of the maize growth and development mechanism, as well as furnish a theoretical foundation and technical assistance for the enhancement of maize quality ( Buchelt et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of calcium and magnesium on starch synthesis in maize kernels and its physiological driving mechanism

He,

Shang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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The content of kernel starch (STC), which is a fundamental indicator of the nutritional value of maize, is directly correlated with the grain’s taste and aroma. Both calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) are critical nutrients that play a significant role in the growth and development of maize, as well as in the synthesis of STC. To determine the physiological driving mechanisms of Ca and Mg effects on the accumulation of STC synthesis in maize kernels and the characteristics of their effects on endogenous hormones and enzymes of STC synthesis in maize leaves, our study applied foliar Ca and Mg fertilizers at various levels to maize prior to pollination. (1) The levels of Ca, Mg, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA), and zeatin riboside (ZR) in maize leaves increased and then decreased after the supplementation of Ca and Mg. They peaked on the 32nd day after pollination. In contrast, the levels of abscisic acid (ABA) initially decreased and then increased. Ca and Mg had a negative correlation with ABA and a positive correlation with IAA, GA, and ZR. (2) As the levels of Ca and Mg increased, correspondingly rose the activities of enzymes responsible for STC synthesis and the content of STC and its components. Principally influencing the synthesis of STC were ABA, IAA, uridine diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UDPG), granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS), and soluble starch synthase (SSS). (3) “IAA–UDPG or GBSS–STC” was the predominant physiological regulation pathway of Ca on kernel STC, whereas “IAA–GBSS–STC” was the dominant physiological regulation pathway of Mg on kernel STC. The regulatory impact of STC by UDPG and GBSS was positive, as were the effects of IAA on UDPG and GBSS. In conclusion, the accumulation of kernel starch was significantly enhanced by Ca and Mg supplementation via the modulation of endogenous hormone levels and key enzyme activities. This research identifies a viable approach to improve the nutritional composition of maize.

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Exogenous application of glycine betaine alleviates cadmium toxicity in super black waxy maize by improving photosynthesis, the antioxidant system and glutathione-ascorbic acid cycle metabolites

Cited by 15 publications

References 41 publications

Transgenic Tobacco with the BADH Gene Shows Enhanced Photosynthesis Resistance to Drought Stress Induced by PEG-6000

Transgenic Tobacco with the BADH Gene Shows Enhanced Photosynthesis Resistance to Drought Stress Induced by PEG-6000

Investigating the Mechanism of Cadmium-Tolerant Bacterium Cellulosimicrobium and Ryegrass Combined Remediation of Cadmium-Contaminated Soil

Effect of calcium and magnesium on starch synthesis in maize kernels and its physiological driving mechanism

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