Exogenous application of stress-related signaling molecules affect growth and cannabinoid accumulation in medical cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.)

Garrido, José Antonio; Rico, Saleta; Corral, Carolina; Sánchez, Conchi; Vidal, Nieves; Martínez-Quesada, Juan José; Ferreiro‐Vera, Carlos

doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.1082554

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Salicylic acid and γ-aminobutyric acid have already been shown to positively impact the expression of THC biosynthetic genes and the content of THC in plants grown under controlled conditions [99]. Methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid applied at 0.1 mM were effective in increasing THCA and CBDA concentrations both in inflorescences and leaves [100]. However, genotype and environmental conditions, as well as pests (shown to impact cannabinoid and terpene content [101]), pose a challenge to the application of C. sativa plants' elicitation on a large scale, i.e., under field conditions, as these factors can contribute to a great variability in secondary metabolite content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Eustress and Plants: A Synthesis with Prospects for Cannabis sativa Cultivation

Berni,

Thiry,

Hausman

et al. 2024

Horticulturae

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Cannabis sativa L. is a species of great economic value. It is a medicinal plant that produces several bioactive phytochemicals, and the stems of the industrial cultivars, commonly referred to as “hemp”, are sources of both cellulosic fibers and hurds used in textiles and bio-composites. Environmental stresses of biotic and abiotic nature affect plant development and metabolism and can, consequently, impact biomass yield and phytochemical content. Stress factors can be divided into eustressors and distressors; while the former stimulate a positive response in terms of growth, productivity, and resistance, the latter impair plant development. Eustressors are factors that, applied at low–moderate doses, can improve plant performance. Several studies have investigated different types of distress in C. sativa and evaluated the impact on biomass and phytochemicals, while less attention has been paid to the study of eustress. This review discusses the concept of plant eustress by referring to the recent literature and extrapolates it to applications in C. sativa cultivation. The data available on the response of C. sativa to exogenous factors are reviewed, and then, salinity eustress applied to hemp cultivation is taken as a proof-of-concept example. The knowledge developed on plant eustress and the results collected so far are discussed in light of future applications to improve the production of biomass and phytochemicals in plants of economic interest. Emphasis is placed on the potential use of eustress in conjunction with other factors shown to impact both the physiological response and metabolism of Cannabis, among which there are macronutrients and biofertilizers. Perspectives are also drawn with respect to applying the knowledge developed on the elicitation of whole plants to Cannabis cell suspension cultures, which provide a controlled, scalable, and season-independent platform to produce secondary metabolites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Eustress and Plants: A Synthesis with Prospects for Cannabis sativa Cultivation

Berni,

Thiry,

Hausman

et al. 2024

Horticulturae

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“…The primary precursors for cannabinoids are hexanoyl-CoA, a product of the fatty acid synthesis pathway, and geranyl-pyrophosphate, produced through the methylerythritol phosphate pathway, a part of the more general terpenoid biosynthesis pathway [ 9 , 10 ]. Numerous studies clearly demonstrated that stress factors such as mechanical damage, insect herbivory, extreme heat, and drought induce the synthesis of cannabinoids and terpenes in the cannabis plant [ 25 – 28 ]. The primary role of cannabinoids is believed to be protective, acting as defense chemicals, deterring herbivores, and protecting the plant from UV radiation and environmental stress [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Trimming Techniques for Enhancing Cannabinoid and Terpene Content in Medical Cannabis Inflorescences

Brikenstein,

Birenboim,

Kenigsbuch

et al. 2024

Med Cannabis Cannabinoids

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Introduction: Cannabis sativa L. inflorescences are widely used in the medicinal field as treatments for a variety of symptoms and illnesses due to their unique phytochemicals such as cannabinoids and terpenes. Common postharvest procedures for cannabis inflorescence include trimming, followed by drying, curing, and subsequent storage. The postharvest trimming step, particularly its timing (pre- or post-drying) and the extent of trimming, is not optimally refined in terms of its impact on the cannabinoid and terpene content. In this study, our objective was to identify the optimal trimming conditions for a commercially available medicinal cannabis hybrid chemovar, with the goal of maximizing its cannabinoid and terpene content. Methods: To achieve this, we investigated the effects of pre- versus post-drying trimming and evaluated the impact of mild versus aggressive trimming prior to drying on the cannabinoid and terpene profiles using liquid and gas chromatography. Results: Our results indicated that pre-drying mild trimming yielded the highest cannabinoid concentration, possibly due to optimal balance between stress signals and precursor influx from the sugar leaves to the inflorescence. On the other, post-drying trimming yielded the highest terpene content. Conclusion: Identifying the optimal trimming conditions that maximize both cannabinoid and terpene levels in cannabis is challenging. Therefore, growers face a decision in their trimming practices: to prioritize either enhanced cannabinoid content or increased aromatic terpene concentrations, as optimizing for both simultaneously appears to be difficult.

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“…To date, the interaction between the Cannabis oxylipin and cannabinoid pathways has largely been overlooked. Several investigations have sought to increase cannabinoid content using JA or methyl-JA treatments on Cannabis flowers [ 154 ], leaves [ 155 ], or cell cultures [ 156 ] and have been met with mixed results. Studies that analyze oxylipin levels in Cannabis tissues or products have focused on volatiles from above-ground tissues [ 157 ], seeds [ 158 ], or seed oil [ 159 , 160 ] as components of their odor profiles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxylipin biosynthetic gene families of Cannabis sativa

et al. 2023

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Cannabis sativa is a global multi-billion-dollar cash crop with numerous industrial uses, including in medicine and recreation where its value is largely owed to the production of pharmacological and psychoactive metabolites known as cannabinoids. Often underappreciated in this role, the lipoxygenase (LOX)-derived green leaf volatiles (GLVs), also known as the scent of cut grass, are the hypothetical origin of hexanoic acid, the initial substrate for cannabinoid biosynthesis. The LOX pathway is best known as the primary source of plant oxylipins, molecules analogous to the eicosanoids from mammalian systems. These molecules are a group of chemically and functionally diverse fatty acid-derived signals that govern nearly all biological processes including plant defense and development. The interaction between oxylipin and cannabinoid biosynthetic pathways remains to be explored. Despite their unique importance in this crop, there has not been a comprehensive investigation focusing on the genes responsible for oxylipin biosynthesis in any Cannabis species. This study documents the first genome-wide catalogue of the Cannabis sativa oxylipin biosynthetic genes and identified 21 LOX, five allene oxide synthases (AOS), three allene oxide cyclases (AOC), one hydroperoxide lyase (HPL), and five 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductases (OPR). Gene collinearity analysis found chromosomal regions containing several isoforms maintained across Cannabis, Arabidopsis, and tomato. Promoter, expression, weighted co-expression genetic network, and functional enrichment analysis provide evidence of tissue- and cultivar-specific transcription and roles for distinct isoforms in oxylipin and cannabinoid biosynthesis. This knowledge facilitates future targeted approaches towards Cannabis crop improvement and for the manipulation of cannabinoid metabolism.

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Exogenous application of stress-related signaling molecules affect growth and cannabinoid accumulation in medical cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.)

Cited by 14 publications

References 64 publications

Eustress and Plants: A Synthesis with Prospects for Cannabis sativa Cultivation

Eustress and Plants: A Synthesis with Prospects for Cannabis sativa Cultivation

Optimization of Trimming Techniques for Enhancing Cannabinoid and Terpene Content in Medical Cannabis Inflorescences

Oxylipin biosynthetic gene families of Cannabis sativa

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