2004
DOI: 10.1159/000091905
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Exogenous Factors in Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus

Abstract: Exogenous factors implicated in or suspected of precipitating cutaneous lupus erythematosus are reviewed. Environmental risk factors (including infectious disease, dietary data, ultraviolet light, medications, pesticides and heavy metals) that are potentially related to the development of lupus erythematosus are discussed.

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Cited by 2 publications
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“…Moreover, there is also a change in food intake habits especially containing fewer antioxidants and various substance abuse commonly observed in the urban population. However, genetic susceptibility, autoimmune induction, immune system changes, drugs, and some infections are the main causes of LE [7]. Among these, some viral infections, and self-medication of drugs during the COVID pandemic like proton pump inhibitors, antibiotics, and NSAIDs could have contributed to the rise of cases in Group B and Group C also [8][9][10][11][12].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, there is also a change in food intake habits especially containing fewer antioxidants and various substance abuse commonly observed in the urban population. However, genetic susceptibility, autoimmune induction, immune system changes, drugs, and some infections are the main causes of LE [7]. Among these, some viral infections, and self-medication of drugs during the COVID pandemic like proton pump inhibitors, antibiotics, and NSAIDs could have contributed to the rise of cases in Group B and Group C also [8][9][10][11][12].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a clinical spectrum of autoimmune skin diseases, including acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, sub‐acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, and discoid cutaneous lupus erythematosus (DCLE) . CLE can be triggered by various external factors, such as ultraviolet light, medication, infections, and irritant contact dermatitis.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%