Exogenous GABA is quickly metabolized to succinic acid and fed into the plant TCA cycle

Hijaz, Faraj; Killiny, Nabil

doi:10.1080/15592324.2019.1573096

Cited by 60 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Succinate, the anion of succinic acid, forms part of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. The increase in succinic acid levels, combined with the decreased abundance of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), is consistent with these species employing the GABA shunt pathway, which was proposed to act as an additional energy source to support cellular metabolism under stress conditions [47][48][49] .…”

Section: Comparisons Of Primary Metabolic Responses To Nutrient-deficit Stressmentioning

confidence: 74%

The genome of stress tolerant crop wild relativePaspalum vaginatumleads to increased biomass productivity in the cropZea mays

Sun

Wase

Shu

et al. 2021

Preprint

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A number of crop wild relatives can tolerate extreme stressed to a degree outside the range observed in their domesticated relatives. However, it is unclear whether or how the molecular mechanisms employed by these species can be translated to domesticated crops. Paspalum Paspalum vaginatum is a self-incompatible and multiply stress-tolerant wild relative of maize and sorghum. Here we describe the sequencing and pseudomolecule level assembly of a vegetatively propagated accession of P. vaginatum. Phylogenetic analysis based on 6,151 single-copy syntenic orthologous conserved in 6 related grass species placed paspalum as an outgroup of the maize-sorghum clade demonstrating paspalum as their closest sequenced wild relative. In parallel metabolic experiments, paspalum, but neither maize nor sorghum, exhibited significant increases in trehalose when grown under nutrient-deficit conditions. Inducing trehalose accumulation in maize, imitating the metabolic phenotype of paspalum, resulting in autophagy dependent increases in biomass accumulation.

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Section: Comparisons Of Primary Metabolic Responses To Nutrient-deficit Stressmentioning

confidence: 74%

The genome of stress tolerant crop wild relativePaspalum vaginatumleads to increased biomass productivity in the cropZea mays

Sun

Wase

Shu

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…In addition, no D 6 -GABA was detected in seedlings 24 h upon incubation for 6 h in 10 mM D 6 -GABA, confirming that it was completely metabolized to succinic acid. Recently, we showed that the levels of GABA and succinic acid were significantly increased in detached citrus leaf after 1 h incubation in 10 mM GABA, indicating that GABA was quickly metabolized to succinic acid [16]. In addition, the level of fumaric acid was significantly increased in citrus leaves after 1 h incubation in 10 mM GABA, indicating that succinic acid was fed into the TCA cycle [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Recently, we showed that the levels of GABA and succinic acid were significantly increased in detached citrus leaf after 1 h incubation in 10 mM GABA, indicating that GABA was quickly metabolized to succinic acid [16]. In addition, the level of fumaric acid was significantly increased in citrus leaves after 1 h incubation in 10 mM GABA, indicating that succinic acid was fed into the TCA cycle [16]. Unfortunately, no D 2 -labeled fumaric acid was detected in D 6 -GABA-treated plants in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of deuterium-labeled gamma-aminobutyric (D6-GABA) to study uptake, translocation, and metabolism of exogenous GABA in plants

Hijaz

Killiny

2020

Plant Methods

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Background: Exogenous application of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) could relieve stress symptoms caused by abiotic stresses including anoxia, heat and cold shock, drought, and salt. However, studying translocation and metabolism of exogenous GABA is challenged by the presence of endogenous GABA. Results: Herein, we used D 6-GABA in order to investigate the uptake, translocation, and the metabolism of exogenous GABA in Mexican lime (Citrus aurantifolia) seedlings using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The GC-MS analysis showed that D 6-GABA could be easily distinguished from the non-labeled GABA after methyl chloroformate (MCF) derivatization. The D 6-GABA was detected in the cortex (phloem), inner stem (xylem), and leaves after root drench. Girdling did not affect the translocation of D 6-GABA, indicating that it is mainly translocated via the xylem. In addition, D 4-labled succinic acid was detected in D 6-GABA-treated plants, indicating that exogenous GABA was metabolized to succinic acid. The half-life of D 6-GABA in citrus was about 1.3 h, indicating a quick conversion to succinic acid. Conclusion: The use of D 6-GABA offers a valuable tool to study the translocation and metabolism of GABA in plants. D 6-GABA and its metabolite (D 4-succinic acid) can be easily distinguished from the endogenous GABA and succinic acid using GC-MS.

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“…Succinic acid, in turn, promotes energy production through the maintenance of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, often inhibited in stress conditions (Li et al, 2017; Shelp et al, 2017). An exogenous source of GABA was shown to increase the concentration of both endogenous GABA and succinic acid (Hijaz and Killiny, 2019). To summarize, it would seem that homogeneous-hillslope prokaryotic communities reduce ammonia availability and provide less pathogen response mechanisms, and are therefore detrimental to plants, in comparison with the communities of heterogeneous hillslopes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hillslope geodiversity shapes ammonia-oxidizing communities and other microbial regulators in a semi-arid shrubland

Szitenberg

Alexander-Shani

Yizhak

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The determinants and consequences of drought-related shrub mortality were studied for over a decade, as a model for desertification processes, in a semi-arid long-term ecological research station. Recent studies have shown that geodiversity is an important spatial predictor of plant viability under extreme drought conditions. Homogeneous hillslopes, with a deep soil profile and lack of stoniness, could not support shrubs under long term drought conditions due to low water storage in their soil. Conversely, heterogeneous hillslopes, with shallow soil profiles and high stoniness, supported shrub communities under similar conditions, due to the comparatively greater soil-water content. In the current study, we investigated the effect of hillslope geodiversity on the soil microbial diversity. Using DNA metabarcoding, we found small but consistent differences in the microbial community compositions of the homogeneous and heterogeneous hillslopes; more ammonia oxidizing and reducing-sugar degrading bacteria are found in the homogeneous hillslopes, possibly dwindling the ammonia supply to shrubs. Additionally, based on functional metagenomic reconstruction, we suggest that homogeneous hillslopes have lower superoxide and antibiotics production, leading to reduced protection against pathogens. In fungi, we observed an increase in possible pathogens, at the expense of lichen forming fungi. Lichens are considered to support soil-water by slowly releasing intercepted raindrops. In conclusion, we show that not only plant-diversity but also microbial-diversity is shaped by geodiversity, and that the community shift in homogeneous hillslopes may further promote shrub mortality in this drought-prone, water limited ecosystem.

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Exogenous GABA is quickly metabolized to succinic acid and fed into the plant TCA cycle

Cited by 60 publications

References 5 publications

The genome of stress tolerant crop wild relativePaspalum vaginatumleads to increased biomass productivity in the cropZea mays

The genome of stress tolerant crop wild relativePaspalum vaginatumleads to increased biomass productivity in the cropZea mays

The use of deuterium-labeled gamma-aminobutyric (D6-GABA) to study uptake, translocation, and metabolism of exogenous GABA in plants

Hillslope geodiversity shapes ammonia-oxidizing communities and other microbial regulators in a semi-arid shrubland

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