Exogenous ochronosis: the failure of depigmenting creams

Treatment of hyperpigmentation after burn: A literature review

“…Scars may remain refractory to these first-line treatments. It should be kept in mind that bleaching creams may be associated with adverse effects such as hydroquinone halo, irritation, erythema, hyperpigmentation, and exogenous ochronosis [50][51][52][53][54][55]. However, a recent review has been reassuring about these side Intense pulsed light has been reported in 3 studies with heterogeneous results [16,22,25].…”

Blue man: Ochronosis in Otolaryngology

“…Despite the progressive and irreversible nature of EnO and the lack of a curative treatment until very recently, the life expectancy is maintained. 7 Besides dark urine that is present from infancy, affected individuals generally do not develop symptoms during infancy or childhood and often remain unaware of their condition until adulthood when they develop ochronosis. In a Tunisian review, the mean age at diagnosis was 55.9 years.…”

“…The most frequent cause of EO is the use of facial depigmenting creams containing hydroquinone, a common practice among women with dark complexions. 7 The first description of EO was by Beddard and Plumtrein in 1912 in a patient following the use of phenol for a leg ulcer. 8 While EO is caused by chemical exposure or ingestion, endogenous ochronisis (EnO) is caused by inborn errors of metabolism.…”

“…While EO is caused by chemical exposure or ingestion, endogenous ochronisis (EnO) is caused by inborn errors of metabolism. Despite the progressive and irreversible nature of EnO and the lack of a curative treatment until very recently, the life expectancy is maintained 7 . Besides dark urine that is present from infancy, affected individuals generally do not develop symptoms during infancy or childhood and often remain unaware of their condition until adulthood when they develop ochronosis.…”

“…Exogenous ochronosis (EO) results from prolonged exposure to chemicals such as tetracyclines, anti‐malarias, amiodarone, bleomycin, and chlorpromazine. The most frequent cause of EO is the use of facial depigmenting creams containing hydroquinone, a common practice among women with dark complexions 7 . The first description of EO was by Beddard and Plumtrein in 1912 in a patient following the use of phenol for a leg ulcer 8…”