Exogenous (Pomegranate Juice) or Endogenous (Paraoxonase1) Antioxidants Decrease Triacylglycerol Accumulation in Mouse Cardiovascular Disease‐Related Tissues

Abstract

The polyphenol‐rich pomegranate juice (PJ) and the high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐associated paraoxonase1 (PON1) are known as potent atheroprotective antioxidants, but their effects on other tissues related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) remain unknown. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of treating mice with PJ or recombinant PON1 (rePON1) on the oxidation and lipid status of CVD‐related tissues: serum, aorta, heart, liver, kidney, visceral, and subcutaneous adipose tissues (VAT and SAT). Both PJ consumption and rePON1 injection decreased the serum levels of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (16% and 19%) and triacylglycerols (TAG, 24% and 27%), while only rePON1 increased the levels of thiol groups (35%) and decreased serum cholesterol (15%). Both PJ and rePON1 significantly decreased aortic cholesterol (38% and 32%) and TAG (62% and 58%) contents in association with downregulation of the key TAG biosynthetic enzyme diacylglycerol O‐acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1, 71% and 65%), while only PJ decreased aortic lipid peroxides (47%). Substantial TAG‐lowering effects of both PJ and rePON1 were observed also in the heart (31% and 42%), liver (34% and 42%), and kidney (42% and 57%). In both VAT and SAT, rePON1 decreased the levels of lipid peroxides (28% and 25%), while PJ decreased the TAG content (22% and 18%). Ex vivo incubation of SAT with serum derived from mice that consumed PJ or injected with rePON1 decreased SAT lipid peroxides (35% or 28%) and TAG mass (12% or 10%). These novel findings highlight potent TAG‐lowering properties of exogenous (PJ) and endogenous (PON1) antioxidants in tissues associated with CVD.

Microencapsulated Pomegranate Reverts High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL)-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction and Reduces Postprandial Triglyceridemia in Women with Acute Coronary Syndrome

“…PON1 is an enzyme carried in plasma by HDL that confers to these lipoproteins most of their antioxidant properties [17,34]. PON1 was improved after MiPo, but the activity remains constant during the postprandial period, either before or after the supplementation.…”

“…Currently, there are therapies focused on improving HDL quality and functionality that include the use of functional foods. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that pomegranate juice reduced the plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, and particularly induced an increase in HDL-C plasma levels and serum PON1 activity [14,15,16,17]. These properties have been attributed to pomegranate compounds such as polyphenols, anthocyanins, ellagitannins and punicic acid [18], which should be absorbed and transported, probably by HDL, in plasma during the postprandial state.…”

Induction of glutathione biosynthesis by glycine-based treatment mitigates atherosclerosis

“…Our glycine-based treatment reduces atherosclerosis in mice independent of circulating lipids by enhancing the antioxidant, GSH. Previous studies demonstrated the antiatherogenic and cardioprotective properties of antioxidant interventions [ 42 , 46 , [63] , [64] , [65] , [66] , [67] , [68] , [69] , [70] ]. For instance, the antioxidant Probucol reduced atheromas and plasma cholesterol in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits due to reductions in modified LDL [ 63 , 64 ].…”

Efecto de la Paraoxonasa 1 sobre la salud y su modulación a través de la dieta

“…Estudios in vitro e in vivo han demostrado que el jugo de la granada reduce los niveles plasmáticos de colesterol total, triglicéridos y LDL, y aumenta los niveles de HDL y la actividad de la PON1; estas propiedades han sido atribuidas al contenido de compuestos bioactivos, los cuales probablemente son absorbidos y transportados por las HDL 28 .…”