Exogenous salicylic acid ameliorates waterlogging stress damages  and improves photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidative defense system  in waxy corn

Wang, J.; Shi, She‐Po; Wang, D.Y.; Sun, Yangying; Zhu, Ming; Li, F.H.

doi:10.32615/ps.2021.005

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…These results are mostly consistent with those of previous studies [ 13 , 17 , 25 , 56 , 57 ]. For instance, according to Maity et al [ 25 ], concentrations of nitrate reductase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase improved the response to pomegranate plant sprayed with 300 ppm SA after 120 d. Data also revealed that the leaf defense enzymes activities were enhanced visibly when the aboveground plant parts were treated with various SA concentrations at multiple time points [ 5 , 12 , 27 , 30 , 51 , 58 ]. It was suggested in some study that the leaf superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities were elevated after 36 h following the exogenous spraying of 0.5~4.0 mM SA on Capsicum annuum L. and after 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 36 and 48 h following the exogenous spraying of SA (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 mM) on Capsicum annuum L. [ 58 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant chemical defense responses against biotic and abiotic stress can be activated by the application of exogenous hormones to the aboveground parts of plants. Examples of exogenous hormones that can enhance plant defense responses include jasmonic acid (JA), indole acetic acid (IAA), salicylic acid (SA) and others [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. SA is one of the ubiquitous endogenous signal molecules in plants that can activate defense and protection mechanisms for disease resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Salicylic Acid Concentration and Post-Treatment Time on the Direct and Systemic Chemical Defense Responses in Maize (Zea mays L.) Following Exogenous Foliar Application

Feng

Wang

et al. 2022

Molecules

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Salicylic acid (SA) plays a critical role in allergic reactions of plants to pathogens and acquired systemic resistance. Thus far, although some research has been conducted on the direct effects of different concentrations of SA on the chemical defense response of treated plant parts (leaves) after at multiple post-treatments times, few research has reported on the systematic effects of non-treated parts (roots). Therefore, we examined direct and systemic effects of SA concentration and time following foliar application on chemical defense responses in maize variety 5422 with two fully expanded leaves. In the experiments, maize leaves were treated with different SA concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 mM, and then, the presence of defense chemicals and enzymes in treated leaves and non-treated roots was measured at different time points of 3, 12, 24, 48, 72 h following SA foliar application. The results showed that direct and systemic effects of SA treatment to the leaf on chemical defense responses were related to SA concentration and time of measurement after spraying SA. In treated leaves, total phenolics content increased directly by 28.65% at the time point of 12 h following foliar application of 0.5 mM SA. DIMBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H, 1, 4-benzoxazin-3 (4H)-one) content was directly enhanced by 80.56~551.05% after 3~72 h following 0.5~5.0 mM SA treatments. Polyphenol oxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were directly enhanced after 12~72 h following 0.5~5.0 mM SA treatments, whereas peroxidase and catalase activities were increased after 3~24 h following application of 1.0~5.0 mM SA. In non-treated roots, DIMBOA content and polyphenol oxidase activity were enhanced systematically after 3~48 h following 1.0~5.0 mM SA foliar treatments. Superoxide dismutase activities were enhanced after 3~24 h following 0.5~2.5 mM SA applications, but total phenolics content, peroxidase and catalase activity decreased in some particular concentrations or at the different times of measurement in the SA treatment. It can be concluded that SA foliar application at 1.0 and 2.5 mM produces strong chemical defense responses in maize, with the optimal induction time being 24 h following the foliar application.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Salicylic Acid Concentration and Post-Treatment Time on the Direct and Systemic Chemical Defense Responses in Maize (Zea mays L.) Following Exogenous Foliar Application

Feng

Wang

et al. 2022

Molecules

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“…Growth parameters were measured in accordance with an earlier study (Wang et al, 2021). Shoot height and leaf dimensions were measured using a ruler.…”

Section: Determination Of Growth Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous 6-Benzyladenine Improves Waterlogging Tolerance in Maize Seedlings by Mitigating Oxidative Stress and Upregulating the Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle

Wang

Zhu

2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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The synthetic cytokinin 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) regulates plant growth and prevents the negative consequences of various forms of abiotic stress, including waterlogging in crop plants. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of exogenous 6-BA on the growth, oxidative stress, and ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle system in the inbred SY-MY13 (waterlogging-resistant) and SY-XT1 (waterlogging-sensitive) seedlings of waxy corn in conditions of waterlogging stress. The results demonstrated that waterlogging stress causes chlorosis and necrosis in waxy corn leaves, inhibiting growth and leading to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induces oxidative stress and, in turn, reduces membrane lipid peroxidation and the disruption of membrane homeostasis. This is specifically manifested in the increased concentrations of superoxide anion radicals (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA), in addition to increased relative electrical conductivity (REC%) values. The SY-MY13 strain exhibited growth superior to that of SY-XT1 when waterlogged due to its excellent waterlogging resistance. Thus, exogenous 6-BA was found to be effective in enhancing the growth of plants stressed by waterlogging in terms of the weight of the shoots and roots, shoot height, and leaf area. In addition to this, exogenous 6-BA also reduced the accumulation of O2-, H2O2, and MDA, increased ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) activity, and enhanced ascorbic acid (AsA), and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration through the regulation of the efficiency of the AsA-GSH cycle system in maize plants. Hence, the application of exogenous 6-BA can alleviate waterlogging-induced damage and improve waterlogging tolerance in waxy corn via the activation of the AsA-GSH cycle system and the elimination of ROS.

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“…56 With an application of exogenous SA, the carotenoid content in flooded maize plants increased significantly, the stomatal conductance was regulated, and the photosynthetic capacity of PSII with the actual electron transfer quantum efficiency of PSII were significantly improved. 41,57 Spraying SNP on cotton leaves 10 days after waterlogging relieved FWS through increasing the chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, and the intensity of light energy absorbed by plants. 45 There have been many related research reports on the chemicals used as ECs to improve photosynthesis in various application methods and optimal concentrations (Table 8).…”

Section: ■ Exogenous Chemicals Used For Alleviating Flooding/waterlog...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous Chemicals Used to Alleviate or Salvage Plants under Flooding/Waterlogging Stress: Their Biochemical Effects and Perspectives

Feng,

Wang,

Ning

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Plant flooding/waterlogging stress (FWS) can be a threat to food security worldwide due to climate change. To mitigate its potential devastation, numerous exogenous chemicals (ECs) have been used to demonstrate their effectiveness on alleviating FWS for the last 20 years. This review has summarized the most recent findings on use of various ECs as either nutrients or regulatory substances on crop plants under FWS and their roles involved in improving root respiration of seedlings, optimizing nutritional status, synthesizing osmotic regulators, enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, adjusting phytohormone levels, maintaining photosynthetic systems, and activating flood-tolerance related gene expressions. The effect of ESs on alleviating plants under FWS proves to be beneficial and useful but rather limited unless they are applied on appropriate crops, at the right time, and with optimized methods. Further research should be focused on use of ESs in field settings and on their potential synergetic effect for more FWS tolerance

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Exogenous salicylic acid ameliorates waterlogging stress damages and improves photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidative defense system in waxy corn

Abstract: Highlights • Two waxy corn inbred lines were used in this study • Exogenous SA mediated physiological and photosynthetic adaptation • Exogenous SA alleviated the waterlogging-induced damages of waxy corn seedlings

Cited by 21 publications

References 68 publications

Effects of Salicylic Acid Concentration and Post-Treatment Time on the Direct and Systemic Chemical Defense Responses in Maize (Zea mays L.) Following Exogenous Foliar Application

Effects of Salicylic Acid Concentration and Post-Treatment Time on the Direct and Systemic Chemical Defense Responses in Maize (Zea mays L.) Following Exogenous Foliar Application

Exogenous 6-Benzyladenine Improves Waterlogging Tolerance in Maize Seedlings by Mitigating Oxidative Stress and Upregulating the Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle

Exogenous Chemicals Used to Alleviate or Salvage Plants under Flooding/Waterlogging Stress: Their Biochemical Effects and Perspectives

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