Exogenous Spermidine Promotes γ-Aminobutyric Acid Accumulation and Alleviates the Negative Effect of NaCl Stress in Germinating Soybean (Glycine max L.)

Fang, Weiming; Qi, Fei; Yin, Yi; Yang, Zidong

doi:10.3390/foods9030267

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…GABA is produced mainly from glutamate (Glu) via the catalyzation of Glu decarboxylase during germination ( 13 ). GABA is a non-essential amino acid that serves as a major neurotransmitter in the human nervous system and plays an important role in relieving anxiety, regulating blood pressure, and preventing cancers ( 14 ). Besides, a recent study discovered that GABA can induce α cell regeneration and promote α cell transformation into β-like cells in vivo ( 15 ) and could improve blood glucose and insulin levels, mainly through the downregulation of the glucagon receptor gene expression ( 16 ), which provides a new idea for the treatment and control of diabetes development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing the Hypoglycemic Effects and Mechanism of GABA-Rich Germinated Adzuki Beans on T2DM Mice by Untargeted Serum Metabolomics

Jiang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Nutr.

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common metabolic diseases, and exploring strategies to prevent and treat diabetes has become extremely important. In recent decades the search for new therapeutic strategies for T2DM involving dietary interventions has attracted public attention. We established a diabetic mouse model by feeding mice a high-fat diet combined with injection of low-dose streptozotocin, intending to elucidate the effects and possible mechanisms of different dosages of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-rich germinated adzuki beans on the treatment of diabetes in mice. The mice were treated for 6 weeks either with increasing doses of GABA-enriched germinated adzuki beans, with non-germinated adzuki beans, with GABA, or with the positive control drug metformin. Then, the blood glucose levels and blood lipid biochemical indicators of all the mice were measured. At the same time, serum differential metabolite interactions were explored by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS-based serum metabolomic analysis. The results showed that body weight and fasting blood glucose levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). We also report improved levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, and serum creatinine. We observed a significant improvement in the homeostasis model assessment of the beta cell function and insulin resistance (HOMA-β and HOMA-IR) scores (P < 0.05) in the group of mice treated with the highest dose of GABA-enriched germinated adzuki beans. In addition, the metabolic profiles of the serum were analyzed, and 31 differential metabolites including amino acids and lipids were obtained. According to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, this was found to be correlated with nine significantly enriched metabolic pathways involving the up-regulation of levels of L-serine, SM (d18:1/22:1(13Z)), L-histidine, creatine, and 3-indoleacetic acid. Our data suggest that the hypoglycemic effect of GABA-enriched germinated adzuki beans on diabetic mice may be related to improving tryptophan metabolism, glycerol phospholipid metabolism, sphingosline metabolism, and the glycine, serine, and threonine metabolic pathways. This study provides a reference for the application of GABA-enriched germinated foods in type 2 diabetes and could provide a cue for searching biomarkers to be adopted for T2DM diagnosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing the Hypoglycemic Effects and Mechanism of GABA-Rich Germinated Adzuki Beans on T2DM Mice by Untargeted Serum Metabolomics

Jiang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Nutr.

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“…GABA relies mainly on the GABA branch, and the later polyamine degradation pathway plays an important role in GABA enrichment. According to Fang et al the polyamine degradation route accounts for 39% of the GABA accumulation in soybeans ( 35 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, they were disinfected with 0.7% sodium hypochlorite for 15 min. Thereafter, they were water rinsed three times to remove excess sodium hypochlorite, and then soaked in water baths at 15,20,25,30,35, and 40 • C. Citric acid and disodium hydrogen phosphate were used to adjust the pH values of the soaking solutions to 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, and 11, respectively. The soaking time was set to 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 h. At the end of immersion, adzuki beans were dried and the GABA contents were determined at 645 nm.…”

Section: Immersion Of Adzuki Beansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Accumulation in Germinating Adzuki Beans (Vigna angularis) by Vacuum Treatment and Monosodium Glutamate, and the Molecular Mechanisms

Jiang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Nutr.

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This study aimed to investigate the optimal hypoxic and monosodium glutamate (MSG) stress conditions for the enrichment of γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) in germinating adzuki beans and to reveal the potential underlying molecular mechanisms of GABA accumulation. Using single-factor experiments and response surface model, we investigated the effects of germination time, germination temperature, vacuum time, and MSG concentration on GABA contents, and further explored the activity and gene expression of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and polyamine oxidase (PAO) critical rate restriction enzymes during GABA synthesis. The optimal soaking temperature, soaking time, and pH conditions were 35°C, 16 h, and 5, respectively. Furthermore, the optimal germination conditions for optimal GABA enrichment were 48 h, 1.99 mg/ml MSG concentration, germination temperature of 31.49°C, and vacuum time of 15.83 h. Under such conditions, the predicted GABA concentration was 443.57 ± 7.18 mg/100 g, with no significant difference between the predicted and experimental data. The vacuum + MSG (FZM) treatment has a maximum contribution rate of GABA to 38.29%, which significantly increase GABA content, and the increase was associated with increased GAD and PAO activity. In addition, MSG in combination with vacuum treatment could significantly induce VaGAD4 and VaGAD6 genes in 2 days germination of adzuki beans. According to the results of the present study, vacuum + MSG treatment is an effective approach to enhancing GABA accumulation in germinating adzuki beans, which could be employed in enhancing the functional quality of germinating adzuki beans.

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“…Exogenously supplied Spd enhanced plant growth and biomass by stimulating the antioxidative system in response to saline conditions in soybean ( Fang et al., 2020 ). Furthermore, in rice, Spd exposure prohibited the stress damage to chloroplasts’ ultrastructure and photosynthetic apparatus by inducing an antioxidant defense system, indicative of Spd participation in redox homeostasis ( Jiang et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Polyamines and Abiotic Stressesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Versatile roles of polyamines in improving abiotic stress tolerance of plants

et al. 2022

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In recent years, extreme environmental cues such as abiotic stresses, including frequent droughts with irregular precipitation, salinity, metal contamination, and temperature fluctuations, have been escalating the damage to plants’ optimal productivity worldwide. Therefore, yield maintenance under extreme events needs improvement in multiple mechanisms that can minimize the influence of abiotic stresses. Polyamines (PAs) are pivotally necessary for a defensive purpose under adverse abiotic conditions, but their molecular interplay in this remains speculative. The PAs’ accretion is one of the most notable metabolic responses of plants under stress challenges. Recent studies reported the beneficial roles of PAs in plant development, including metabolic and physiological processes, unveiling their potential for inducing tolerance against adverse conditions. This review presents an overview of research about the most illustrious and remarkable achievements in strengthening plant tolerance to drought, salt, and temperature stresses by the exogenous application of PAs. The knowledge of underlying processes associated with stress tolerance and PA signaling pathways was also summarized, focusing on up-to-date evidence regarding the metabolic and physiological role of PAs with exogenous applications that protect plants under unfavorable climatic conditions. Conclusively, the literature proposes that PAs impart an imperative role in abiotic stress tolerance in plants. This implies potentially important feedback on PAs and plants’ stress tolerance under unfavorable cues.

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Exogenous Spermidine Promotes γ-Aminobutyric Acid Accumulation and Alleviates the Negative Effect of NaCl Stress in Germinating Soybean (Glycine max L.)

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

Revealing the Hypoglycemic Effects and Mechanism of GABA-Rich Germinated Adzuki Beans on T2DM Mice by Untargeted Serum Metabolomics

Revealing the Hypoglycemic Effects and Mechanism of GABA-Rich Germinated Adzuki Beans on T2DM Mice by Untargeted Serum Metabolomics

Optimization of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Accumulation in Germinating Adzuki Beans (Vigna angularis) by Vacuum Treatment and Monosodium Glutamate, and the Molecular Mechanisms

Versatile roles of polyamines in improving abiotic stress tolerance of plants

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