Exolaccase-boosted humification for agricultural applications

Exolaccase Propels Humification to Decontaminate Bisphenol A and Create Humic-like Biostimulants

“…Recently, increasing attention has been drawn to the enzymatic humification of EDCs and small phenols discharged from industrial effluents into the ecoenvironments. 20 For example, El-Aassar et al indicated that laccase was able to catalyze the polymerization of phenol and BPA in an aqueous solution. 28 However, little information is available on the role of HPs in exolaccase-propelled BPA removal and humification.…”

“…This is because of its advantages of easy operation, high efficiency, mild condition, low energy, and eco-friendliness . Polymerization and humification of organic contaminants induced by exolaccase are vitally important pathways for their conversion in the eco-environments. , Such a reaction utilizes O 2 as the final electron acceptor to catalyze the single-electron oxidation of various substrates, and then, the formed phenoxy radicals encountered strong covalent coupling to produce the corresponding macromolecular precipitates. , …”

“…A large number of studies have confirmed that HPs play an indispensable role in embellishing the exolaccase-propelled humification (E-PH) of organic pollutants. , In particular, HPs may help promote the humification of organic contaminants to yield multifunctional humic-like products by the complicated copolymerization . These products are expected to imitate the biological functions of natural humic substances (NHSs), which can be utilized to promote plant growth and development. , Simultaneously, the formed humic-like products solve the problem of resource shortages for NHSs. Nonetheless, is it viable to use E-PH to eliminate BPA-polluted water and generate humic-like products for crop growth?…”

“…18,19 Such a reaction utilizes O 2 as the final electron acceptor to catalyze the single-electron oxidation of various substrates, and then, the formed phenoxy radicals encountered strong covalent coupling to produce the corresponding macromolecular precipitates. 16,20 Small phenolic compounds are commonly found in water. 21 They serve as kinds of typical humic precursors (HPs) that can be generated by the decomposition of organic matter or microbial anabolism.…”

Radical-induced rapid humification of waste milk and the performance of derived slow release fulvic-like fertilizer

“…Artificial humification can be achieved through microbial fermentation and abiotic physiochemical conversion techniques 7 . The whole humification process included initial decomposition and latter polymerization, along with the conversion of perishable organics into artificial humic-like acid (HLA) and/or fulvic-like acid (FLA) 8,9 . HLA and FLA are active components in organic fertilizer, both of which play key roles in promoting soil fertility and crop productivity 10 .…”