ExoMars Atmospheric Mars Entry and Landing Investigations and Analysis (AMELIA)

Ferri, F.; Karatekin, Özgür; Lewis, S. R.; Forget, F.; Aboudan, A.; Colombatti, Giacomo; Bettanini, C.; Debei, S.; Hove, Bart Van; Déhant, V.; Harri, A. M.; Leese, M. R.; Mäkinen, T.; Millour, Ehouarn; Müller‐Wodarg, I. C. F.; Ori, G. G.; Pacifici, A.; Paris, Sébastien; Patel, Manish R.; Schoenenberger, Mark; Herath, Jeffrey A.; Spiga, Aymeric; Tokano, Tetsuya; Towner, M. C.; Withers, Paul; Asmar, S.; Plettemeier, Dirk

doi:10.1007/s11214-019-0578-x

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…It was then due to make a powered descent to the surface. The lander jettisoned its parachute at an altitude of 3.7 km (Ferri et al, 2017) which was higher than expected. The lander did not perform its powered descent correctly, the rockets only firing for a few seconds, resulting in a high speed impact with the surface and the end of the mission.…”

Section: Schiaparellimentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Wind profiles in the PBL have been determined from landers on the parachute descending through the Martian atmosphere using Doppler measurements such as with the Viking landers (Seiff, 1993a) and Schiaparelli (Ferri et al, 2017). Instrumentation has been developed specifically for making high resolution wind speed and direction measurements up to an altitude of 10 km (Montmessin, 2014(Montmessin, , 2017 using Doppler wind lidar and will hopefully be deployed on the surface sometime soon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of Martian boundary layer winds by the displacement of jettisoned lander hardware

Paton

Harri

Savijärvi

2018

Icarus

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Martian boundary layer wind speed and direction measurements, from a variety of locations, seasons and times, are provided. For each lander sent to Mars over the last four decades a unique record of the winds blowing during their descent is preserved at each landing site. By comparing images acquired from orbiting spacecraft of the impact points of jettisoned hardware, such as heat shields and parachutes, to a trajectory model the winds can be measured. We start our investigations with the Viking lander 1 mission and end with Schiaparelli. In-between we extract wind measurements based on observations of the Beagle 2, Spirit, Opportunity, Phoenix and Curiosity landing sites. With one exception the wind at each site during the lander's descent were found to be <8 m s −1. High speed winds were required to explain the displacement of jettisoned hardware at the Phoenix landing site. We found a tail wind (>20 m s −1), blowing from the northwest was required at a high altitude (>2 km) together with a gust close to the surface (<500 m altitude) originating from the north. All in all our investigations yielded a total of ten unique wind measurements in the PBL. One each from the Viking landers and one each from Beagle 2, Spirit, Opportunity and Schiaparelli. Two wind measurements, one above about 1 km altitude and one below, were possible from observations of the Curiosity and Phoenix landing site. Our findings are consistent with a turbulent PBL in the afternoon and calm PBL in the morning. When comparing our results to a GCM we found a good match in wind direction but not for wind speed. The information provided here makes available wind measurements previously unavailable to Mars atmosphere modellers and investigators.

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Section: Schiaparellimentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Martian boundary layer winds by the displacement of jettisoned lander hardware

Paton

Harri

Savijärvi

2018

Icarus

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“…The Entry, Descent, Landing (EDL) sequence of Insight offers a rare opportunity to perform in situ investigations of the martian environment over a wide altitude range, seized only a few times before by the Viking (Seiff and Kirk 1976;Nier et al 1976) Pathfinder (Magalhaes et al 1999) MER Spirit and Opportunity (Withers and Smith 2006) Phoenix (Withers and Catling 2010) Curiosity (Holstein-Rathlou et al 2016) and Schiaparelli (Ferri et al 2018) missions. During the EDL, the measured deceleration through the atmosphere leads to the determination of atmospheric profiles along the trajectory as function of altitude with subkm vertical resolutions (down to hundreds of meters or better Magalhaes et al 1999) from the surface up to 130 km.…”

Section: Atmospheric Science During Entry Descent Landing (Edl)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Science with InSight

et al. 2018

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“…This approach was applied to Huygens [14] [12]. In spite of what was actually planned by AMELIA [9] and because of the limited data set, in this work, to cope with the plasma blackout and the low data rate we used this second approach.…”

Section: Reconstruction Of the Atmospheric Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analysis of all the EDL data for scientific purposes is the goal of AMELIA experiment [9]. The flight data have been used by AMELIA team to reconstruct the Schiaparelli trajectory and to derive the profiles of atmospheric density, pressure and temperature along the traversed path.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ExoMars 2016 Schiaparelli Module Trajectory and Atmospheric Profiles Reconstruction

Aboudan¹,

Colombatti²,

Bettanini³

et al. 2018

Space Sci Rev

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On 19 th October 2016 Schiaparelli module of the ExoMars 2016 mission flew through the Mars atmosphere. After successful entry and descent under parachute, the module failed the last part of the descent and crashed on the Mars surface. Nevertheless the data transmitted in real-time by Schiaparelli during the entry and descent, together with the entry state vector as initial condition, have been used to reconstruct both the trajectory and the profiles of atmospheric density, pressure and temperature along the traversed path. The available data-set is only a small subset of the whole data acquired by Schiaparelli, with a limited data rate (8 kbps) and a large gap during the entry because of the plasma blackout on the communications. This paper presents the work done by the AMELIA (Atmospheric Mars Entry and Landing Investigations and Analysis) team in the exploitation of the available inertial and radar data. First a reference trajectory is derived by direct integration of the inertial measurements and a strategy to overcome the entry data gap is proposed. First-order covariance analysis is used to estimate the uncertainties on all the derived parameters. Then a refined trajectory is computed incorporating the measurements provided by the on-board radar altimeter.

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ExoMars Atmospheric Mars Entry and Landing Investigations and Analysis (AMELIA)

Cited by 20 publications

References 38 publications

Measurement of Martian boundary layer winds by the displacement of jettisoned lander hardware

Measurement of Martian boundary layer winds by the displacement of jettisoned lander hardware

Atmospheric Science with InSight

ExoMars 2016 Schiaparelli Module Trajectory and Atmospheric Profiles Reconstruction

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