Exon shuffling and the origin of the mitochondrial targeting function in plant cytochrome c1 precursor.

Long, Manyuan; Souza, Sandro J. de; Rosenberg, Carl; Gilbert, Walter

doi:10.1073/pnas.93.15.7727

Cited by 85 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Janssen, E. Kellogg, and N. Sinha, submitted manuscript), is also shown to be absent from the Po leaf and floral organ primordia (J.A. Long et al, 1996). In contrast, the LeT6 homeobox gene is expressed throughout wild-type shoot apical meristems and in immature leaves in tomato.…”

Section: Role Of Class 1 Knox Genes In Leaf Lnitiation and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been suggested that these modules were moved around to give rise to modern genes by using the process termed exon shuffling (Gilbert, 1978;M. Long et al, 1995M. Long et al, , 1996.…”

Section: Evolutionary Lmplications Of Gene Fusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, morphologically important genes may also have been altered by exon-shuffling events. The discovery of the modularity of proteins involved in signal transduction cascades (Bent, 1996) indicates that exon shuffling may have played an important role in the evolution of signaling molecules (Gilbert, 1978;M. Long et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Gene Fusion at a Homeobox Locus: Alterations in Leaf Shape and Implications for Morphological Evolution

Chen¹,

Janssen²,

Williams³

et al. 1997

The Plant Cell

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Compound leaves are seen in many angiosperm genera and are thought to be either fundamentally different from simple leaves or elaborations of simple leaves. The knottedl-like homeobox (knox) genes are known to regulate plant development. When overexpressed in homologous or heterologous species, this family of genes can cause changes in leaf morphology, including excessive leaf compounding in tomato. We describe here an instance of a spontaneously arisen fusion between a gene encoding a metabolic enzyme and a homeodomain protein. We show that the fusion results in overexpression of the homeodomain protein and a change in morphology that approximates the changes caused by overexpression of the same gene under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter in transgenic plants. Exon-shuffling events can account for the modularity of proteins. If the shuffled exons are associated with altered promoters, changes in gene expression patterns can result. Our results show that gene fusions of this nature can cause changes in expression patterns that lead to altered morphology. We suggest that such phenomena may have played a role in the evolution of form.

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Section: Role Of Class 1 Knox Genes In Leaf Lnitiation and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been suggested that these modules were moved around to give rise to modern genes by using the process termed exon shuffling (Gilbert, 1978;M. Long et al, 1995M. Long et al, , 1996.…”

Section: Evolutionary Lmplications Of Gene Fusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Gene Fusion at a Homeobox Locus: Alterations in Leaf Shape and Implications for Morphological Evolution

Chen¹,

Janssen²,

Williams³

et al. 1997

The Plant Cell

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show abstract

“…All insertion-based differences in protein-coding sequences necessarily retained the correct reading frame (multiples of three nucleotides) such that the downstream TBP CORE region would still be translated; however in the 3′ UTR, small sequence insertions and deletions were even more common and were of arbitrary sizes (4,7,8,18, and 23 nucleotides). (24) Thus, unlike point mutations that are constrained by proofreading and natural selection, our data suggested a much more predominant role for natural selection (i.e.…”

Section: Evolution Of Tbp Suggests Insertion-based Genesis Of Novel Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1) Analyses of protein and genome sequences reveal the traces of two predominant mechanisms for creation of novel proteins: (1) gene, genomic region, or genome duplication followed by divergence(2-4) and (2) recombination of sequences encoding portions of existing proteins, such as by exon shuffling. (1,3,(5)(6)(7)(8)(9) Gene duplication can produce a second copy of a gene in one generation; however, considerable subsequent mutation and genetic drift may be required before the two resultant genes become functionally distinct. Conversely, recombination can yield a functionally novel protein in a single event.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origins of polypeptide domains

Schmidt

Davies

2007

BioEssays

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SummaryThree decades ago Gilbert posited that novel proteins arise by re-shuffling genomic sequences encoding polypeptide domains. Today, with numerous genomes and countless genes sequenced, it is well established that recombination of sequences encoding polypeptide domains plays a major role in protein evolution. There is, however, less evidence to suggest how the novel polypeptide domains, themselves, arise. Recent comparisons of genomes from closely related species have revealed numerous species-specific exons, supporting models of domain origin based on "exonization" of intron sequences. Also, a mechanism for the origin of novel polypeptide domains has been proposed based on analyses of insertion-based polymorphisms between orthologous genes across broad phylogenetic spectra and between allelic variants of genes within species. This review discusses these processes and how each might participate in the evolutionary emergence of novel polypeptide domains.

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Gene Fusion

Betrán

2008

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Gene fusion is a process by which the whole or parts of two or more distinct genes are juxtaposed and fused into a single gene. Often, a new gene and function can originate in this way. This phenomenon has been broadly observed in organisms ranging from higher eukaryotes to prokaryotes. Recent gene fusions reveal the mechanisms behind this phenomenon. Genome studies reveal the high and incessant incidence of gene fusions in genome evolution.

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Exon shuffling and the origin of the mitochondrial targeting function in plant cytochrome c1 precursor.

Cited by 85 publications

References 28 publications

A Gene Fusion at a Homeobox Locus: Alterations in Leaf Shape and Implications for Morphological Evolution

A Gene Fusion at a Homeobox Locus: Alterations in Leaf Shape and Implications for Morphological Evolution

The origins of polypeptide domains

Gene Fusion

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