Exopolysaccharide activities from probiotic bifidobacterium: Immunomodulatory effects (on J774A.1 macrophages) and antimicrobial properties

Wu, Ming Hsiu; Pan, Tzu‐Ming; Wu, Yu-Jen; Chang, Shang‐Jen; Chang, Ming Song; Hu, Chun Yi

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.09.003

Cited by 166 publications

(112 citation statements)

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“…Macrophages stimulated by enteric bacteria and/or their constituents (LPS) release pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines into the bloodstream (Okada et al, 2009). IL-10 is a 17-20 kDa glycoprotein and is a potent inhibitor for the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-a (Wu et al, 2010). In the present study, E. faecium, L. rhamnosus and LCS showed significant anti-inflammatory effect, as evidenced by the suppression of LPS-induced TNFa levels and upregulation of IL-10 levels (Okada et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

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Probiotic attributes, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuromodulatory effects of Enterococcus faecium CFR 3003: in vitro and in vivo evidence

Divyashri

Krishna

Muralidhara

et al. 2015

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Accumulating evidence suggests that probiotic bacteria play a vital role in modulating various aspects integral to the health and well-being of humans. In the present study, probiotic attributes and the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuromodulatory potential of Enterococcus faecium CFR 3003 were investigated by employing suitable model systems. E. faecium exhibited robust resistance to gastrointestinal stress conditions as it could withstand acid stress at pH 1.5, 2 and 3. The bacterium also survived at a bile salt concentration of 0.45 %, and better tolerance was observed towards pepsin and trypsin. E. faecium produced lactic acid as a major metabolic product, followed by butyric acid. Lyophilized cell-free supernatant (LCS) of E. faecium exhibited significant antioxidant capacity evaluated against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl, ascorbate autooxidation, oxygen radical absorbance and reducing power. Interestingly, E. faecium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG MTCC 1408 and LCS showed a significant anti-inflammatory effect by negatively modulating TNF-a production and upregulating IL-10 levels in LPS-stimulated macrophage cell lines. In an in vivo mice model, the propensity of probiotic supplements to modulate endogenous oxidative markers and redox status in brain regions was assessed. Young mice provided with oral supplements (daily for 28 days) of E. faecium and L. rhamnosus exhibited diminished oxidative markers in the brain and enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes with a concomitant increase in c-aminobutyric acid and dopamine levels. Collectively, our findings clearly suggest the propensity of these bacteria to protect against tissue damage mediated through free radicals and inflammatory cytokines. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms need further studies, it is tempting to speculate that probiotics confer a neuroprotective advantage in vivo against oxidative damage-mediated neurodegenerative conditions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…Live probiotic bacteria residing in the intestine and their metabolites such as organic acids are reported to be effective in treating IBD (Okada et al, 2009;Wu et al, 2010). Previous evidence suggests that probiotic bacteria may have potential use as anti-inflammatory agents in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotic attributes, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuromodulatory effects of Enterococcus faecium CFR 3003: in vitro and in vivo evidence

Divyashri

Krishna

Muralidhara

et al. 2015

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Probably, as the authors suggested, this effect could have been mediated through the formation of a protective "bifidobacterial biofilm" provided by the EPS of B. breve (8). Similarly, Wu et al (29) showed that the EPS purified from strain B. longum BCRC 1464 also showed antimicrobial activity against several pathogens. Besides, the cocultivation of macrophage J774A.1 cells with the heat-inactivated strain or with the purified EPS increased the release of anti-inflammatory IL-10; when cells were challenged with 100 ng/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the purified EPS (at 5 g/ml) reduced the production of (proinflammatory) TNF-␣.…”

Section: Bioactivity Of Eps From Bifidobacteriummentioning

confidence: 98%

Genomic Overview and Biological Functions of Exopolysaccharide Biosynthesis in Bifidobacterium spp

Hidalgo-Cantabrana

Sánchez

Milani

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

169

162

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bFor many years, bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) have received considerable scientific attention, mainly due to their contribution to biofilm formation and, above all, because EPS are potential virulence factors. In recent times, interest in EPS research has enjoyed a welcome boost thanks to the discovery of their ability to mediate communication processes with their surrounding environment and to their contribution to host health maintenance. In this review, we provide a fresh perspective on the genetics and activity of these polymers in members of the Bifidobacterium genus, a common gut inhabitant of humans and animals that has been associated with several health-promoting effects. Bifidobacteria can use EPS to protect themselves against the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, thus improving their persistence in the host. Indeed, the relevant function of EPS for bifidobacteria is underlined by the fact that most genomes sequenced until now contain genes related to EPS biosynthesis. A high interspecies variability in the number of genes and structural organization is denoted among species/subspecies; thus, eps clusters in this genus do not display a consensus genetic architecture. Their different G؉C content compared to that of the whole genome suggests that eps genes have been acquired by horizontal transfer. From the host perspective, EPS-producing bifidobacteria are able to trigger both innate and adaptive immune responses, and they are able to modulate the composition and activity of the gut microbiota. Thus, these polymers seem to be critical in understanding the physiology of bifidobacteria and their interaction with the host.

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“…In concordance with these homeostatic effects, a study by Sengül et al (2006) demonstrated that EPS-producing bacteria were able to significantly attenuate the inflammation of an experimental colitis model, induced via intracolonic administration of acetic acid, in rats. Additionally, this is supported further by evidence at the cellular level, as murine macrophages challenged with various EPSs (isolated from strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria) demonstrate augmented release of both pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-a, IL-6 and IL-10 (Chabot et al, 2001;Bleau et al, 2010;Wu et al, 2010). The mitogenic activity of EPSs isolated from strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria is also well characterized, with studies showing the promotion of human, murine, porcine and bovine macrophage proliferation (Kitazawa et al, 1998;Chabot et al, 2001;Wu et al, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Additionally, this is supported further by evidence at the cellular level, as murine macrophages challenged with various EPSs (isolated from strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria) demonstrate augmented release of both pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-a, IL-6 and IL-10 (Chabot et al, 2001;Bleau et al, 2010;Wu et al, 2010). The mitogenic activity of EPSs isolated from strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria is also well characterized, with studies showing the promotion of human, murine, porcine and bovine macrophage proliferation (Kitazawa et al, 1998;Chabot et al, 2001;Wu et al, 2010).With a large number of EPS-producing bacteria naturally residing in the intestine, it is surprising that very little research has been undertaken into the interaction of EPSs with the intestinal epithelial layer itself. Previous studies have investigated the potential of EPSs as antiproliferative or anticytoxic agents with intestinal epithelial cells (Ruas-Madiedo et al, 2010;Liu et al, 2011), but, the immunomodulatory effects of EPSs on these cells has largely been neglected in the literature.…”

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confidence: 89%

Exploring the immunomodulatory potential of microbial-associated molecular patterns derived from the enteric bacterial microbiota

Patten

Collett

2013

Microbiology

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The human intestinal lumen represents one of the most densely populated microbial niches in the biological world and, as a result, the intestinal innate immune system exists in a constant state of stimulation. A key component in the innate defence system is the intestinal epithelial layer, which acts not only as a physical barrier, but also as an immune sensor. The expression of pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors, in epithelial cells allows innate recognition of a wide range of highly conserved bacterial moieties, termed microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), from both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. To date, studies of epithelial immunity have largely concentrated on inflammatory pathogenic antigens; however, this review discusses the major types of MAMPs likely to be produced by the enteric bacterial microbiota and, using data from in vitro studies, animal model systems and clinical observations, speculates on their immunomodulatory potential. IntroductionThe intestine represents the body's largest mucosal surface, with the adult human intestine estimated to cover an area of about 250 m 2 (Artis, 2008). The highly folded luminal surface of the intestinal wall significantly increases absorption efficiency and, as such, is the largest surface area of the body exposed to the environment and its high microbial load (DeSesso & Jacobson, 2001). Humans have co-evolved with indigenous microbial populations, termed microbiota, which inhabit various niches of the body (Hooper et al., 2012) and the adult intestine is one of the most densely populated microbial habitations in the biological world (Artis, 2008). The enteric microbiota predominantly consists of bacteria, with estimated populations of~10 14 bacteria, with up to 500 species represented (Gill et al., 2006;Guarner & Malagelada, 2003); however, methanogenic archaea, eukaryotes (yeasts) and viruses (mainly bacteriophages) are also present (Lozupone et al., 2012). Due to the vast expanse of intestinal tissue exposed to the microbiota, the local innate immune system is in a constant state of stimulation, and a chronic, low-level proinflammatory response is characteristic of enteric immune homeostasis (Macpherson & Harris, 2004;Artis, 2008).The intestinal epithelium plays an active role in innate immunity, and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are utilized to detect the presence of bacteria and their associated antigens. PRRs are germline-encoded, sensory molecules which recognize a range of highly conserved bacterial motifs, termed 'pathogen-associated molecular patterns' (PAMPs) (Medzhitov, 2001). However, the ability of PRRs to recognize these bacterial moieties is not limited to just pathogens, and so the term 'microbial-associated molecular patterns' (MAMPs) may be more accurate (Medzhitov, 2001; Sanderson & Walker, 2007) and will be used throughout this review. Epithelium-associated, enteric immune cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, T-cells and B-cells, differentially express two major groups of PRRs, th...

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Exopolysaccharide activities from probiotic bifidobacterium: Immunomodulatory effects (on J774A.1 macrophages) and antimicrobial properties

Cited by 166 publications

References 33 publications

Probiotic attributes, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuromodulatory effects of Enterococcus faecium CFR 3003: in vitro and in vivo evidence

Probiotic attributes, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuromodulatory effects of Enterococcus faecium CFR 3003: in vitro and in vivo evidence

Genomic Overview and Biological Functions of Exopolysaccharide Biosynthesis in Bifidobacterium spp

Exploring the immunomodulatory potential of microbial-associated molecular patterns derived from the enteric bacterial microbiota

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