Exopolysaccharide from Paecilomyces lilacinus modulates macrophage activities through the TLR4/NF‑κB/MAPK pathway

He, Chao; Lin, Haiyan; Wang, Cai-chun; Zhang, Ming; Lin, Yingying; Huang, Feng‐Ying; Tan, Guangming

doi:10.3892/mmr.2019.10746

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…These MAPK‐associated pathways are participating in a major role in signal transduction, regulate the cytokine release and affect the multiple cell functions (Johnson & Lapadat, 2002). There are numerous studies have reported that polysaccharide and LPS can induce the phosphorylation of P38, JNK, ERK, cytokine, and NO‐releasing activities in activated RAW264.7 cells (He et al., 2019; Jones, Adcock, Ahmed, & Punchard, 2007; Yoon et al., 2004). Similarly, the RAW264.7 cells treated with WBP‐F enhance the phosphorylation of P38, JNK, ERK (Figure 4a‐d) and significantly increased the expression of proteins with increasing the concentration of WBP‐F.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction, structural elucidation and immunostimulating properties of water‐soluble polysaccharides from wheat bran

Cao

Tabarsa

et al. 2020

J Food Biochem

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A water‐soluble polysaccharide was extracted from wheat bran (WBP) and investigate their structural characteristics and immunostimulatory activities. The chemical composition of WBP and purified fraction (WBP‐F) mainly consists of neutral sugars (91.2 ± 1.2 and 98.7 ± 1.2%), proteins (8.6 ± 0.3 and 0.2 ± 0.1%) and uronic acids (0.7 ± 0.1 and 0.6 ± 0.1%). The molecular weight (Mw) of WBP and WBP‐F was calculated as 911.7 and 510.2 × 103 g/mol, respectively. The WBP‐F stimulates the RAW264.7 cells through the production of nitric oxide and various cytokines. The treatment of WBP‐F facilitated the phosphorylation of P38, JNK, ERK, and NF‐ƘB in RAW264.7 cells suggesting that they might stimulate RAW264.7 cells through the activation of NF‐ƙB and MAPKs pathways. Furthermore, the structural details of WBP‐F were studied by GC‐MS and NMR spectrum, which confirms that the main backbone consists of 4‐α‐D‐linked glucopyranosyl residues with branching points at C‐6. Practical applications Wheat bran is a potential source of health‐promoting compounds. It has been reported that polysaccharides of wheat bran containing numerous beneficial activities. In this study, the wheat bran polysaccharide was extracted, fractionated and investigated their immunostimulatory activities. The results found in this study revealed that the purified polysaccharide from wheat bran potentially enhanced the RAW264.7 cells activation. Hence, these polysaccharides could be utilized as a potent immunity‐enhancing agent in food and pharmaceutical industries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction, structural elucidation and immunostimulating properties of water‐soluble polysaccharides from wheat bran

Cao

Tabarsa

et al. 2020

J Food Biochem

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“…In addition to hypoxia, various other factors, such as ROS and transition metals, can also regulate HIF1α activity (Chun et al, 2002;Ullah et al, 2017). It is well known that foreign antigen induces macrophage activation via stimulating TLR4/NFκB pathway (Zhang et al, 2015;He et al, 2019). Recent studies have shown there is an interaction between HIF1α and TLR4/NFκB signaling pathway, which induces macrophage activation (Rius et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myeloid Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Mediates Macrophage Polarization and Promotes Vascular Injury in DOCA/Salt Hypertensive Mice

et al. 2022

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Activation of the renin–angiotensin system has been implicated in hypertension. Angiotensin (Ang) II is a potent proinflammatory mediator. The present study investigated the role of myeloid angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) in control of macrophage phenotype in vitro and vascular injury in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)/salt hypertension. In human THP-1/macrophages, Ang II increased mRNA expressions of M1 cytokines and decreased M2 cytokine expressions. Overexpression of AT1R further increased Ang II-induced expressions of M1 cytokines and decreased M2 cytokines. Silenced AT1R reversed Ang II-induced changes in M1 and M2 cytokines. Ang II upregulated hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1α, toll-like receptor (TLR)4, and the ratio of pIκB/IκB, which were prevented by silenced AT1R. Silenced HIF1α prevented Ang II activation of the TLR4/NFκB pathway. Furthermore, Ang II increased HIF1α via reactive oxygen species-dependent reduction in prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2) expression. The expressions of AT1R and HIF1α and the ratio of pIκB/IκB were upregulated in the peritoneal macrophages of DOCA hypertensive mice, and the specific deletion of myeloid AT1R attenuated cardiac and vascular injury and vascular oxidative stress, reduced the recruitment of macrophages and M1 cytokine expressions, and improved endothelial function without significant reduction in blood pressure. Our results demonstrate that Ang II/AT1R controls the macrophage phenotype via stimulating the HIF1α/NFκB pathway, and specific myeloid AT1R KO improves endothelial function, vascular inflammation, and injury in salt-sensitive hypertension. The results support the notion that myeloid AT1R plays an important role in the regulation of the macrophage phenotype, and dysfunction of this receptor may promote vascular dysfunction and injury in salt-sensitive hypertension.

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“…The cytocompatibility of the EPS was evaluated on RAW264.7 murine macrophages and HaCaT human keratinocytes using the MTT method [ 38 ]. In brief, 5 × 10 3 cells/mL were seeded into a 96-well microplate and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. Cells were then treated with different concentrations (50, 100, 500, and 1000 μg/mL) of the EPS for 24 h. Cells treated with only DMEM medium served as the control.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization and Biocompatibility of Exopolysaccharide Produced by Moderately Halophilic Bacterium Virgibacillus dokdonensis from the Saltern of Kumta Coast

Andrew

Jayaraman

2022

Polymers

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The use of natural polysaccharides as biomaterials is gaining importance in tissue engineering due to their inherent biocompatibility. In this direction, the present study aims to explore the structure and biocompatibility of the EPS produced by Virgibacillus dokdonensis VITP14. This marine bacterium produces 17.3 g/L of EPS at 96 h of fermentation. The EPS was purified using ion exchange and gel permeation chromatographic methods. The porous web-like structure and elemental composition (C, O, Na, Mg, P, S) of the EPS were inferred from SEM and EDX analysis. AFM analysis revealed spike-like lumps with a surface roughness of 84.85 nm. The zeta potential value of −10 mV indicates the anionic nature of the EPS. Initial molecular characterization showed that the EPS is a heteropolysaccharide composed of glucose (25.8%), ribose (18.6%), fructose (31.5%), and xylose (24%), which are the monosaccharide units in the HPLC analysis. The FTIR spectrum indicates the presence of functional groups/bonds typical of EPSs (O-H, C-H, C-O-H, C-O, S=O, and P=O). The polymer has an average molecular weight of 555 kDa. Further, NMR analysis revealed the monomer composition, the existence of two α- and six β-glycosidic linkages, and the branched repeating unit as → 1)[α-D-Xylp-(1 → 2)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 5)]-β-D-Frup-(2 → 2)[β-D-Xylp-(1 → 4)]-β-D-Xylp-(1 → 6)-β-D-Fruf-(2 → 4)-β-D-Ribp-(1 →. The EPS is thermally stable till 251.4 °C. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the semicrystalline (54.2%) nature of the EPS. Further, the EPS exhibits significant water solubility (76.5%), water-holding capacity (266.8%), emulsifying index (66.8%), hemocompatibility (erythrocyte protection > 87%), and cytocompatibility (cell viability > 80% on RAW264.7 and keratinocyte HaCaT cells) at higher concentrations and prolongs coagulation time in APTT and PT tests. Our research unveils the significant biocompatibility of VITP14 EPS for synthesizing a variety of biomaterials.

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Exopolysaccharide from Paecilomyces lilacinus modulates macrophage activities through the TLR4/NF‑κB/MAPK pathway

Cited by 13 publications

References 42 publications

Extraction, structural elucidation and immunostimulating properties of water‐soluble polysaccharides from wheat bran

Extraction, structural elucidation and immunostimulating properties of water‐soluble polysaccharides from wheat bran

Myeloid Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Mediates Macrophage Polarization and Promotes Vascular Injury in DOCA/Salt Hypertensive Mice

Molecular Characterization and Biocompatibility of Exopolysaccharide Produced by Moderately Halophilic Bacterium Virgibacillus dokdonensis from the Saltern of Kumta Coast

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