Exosomal and Ectosomal Noncoding RNAs in Cancer–More Than Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers

Hardeland, Rüdiger

doi:10.32474/oajom.2018.02.000144

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Moreover, various lncRNAs are precursors of miRNAs or snoRNAs [ 209 ]. Moreover, many lncRNAs and circRNAs (circular RNAs) serve as miRNA sponges and gain particular relevance in the transmission of intercellular signals by exosomes and ectosomes [ 209 , 211 , 212 ]. With regard to melatonin, numerous ncRNAs of different categories were shown to be influenced by this pleiotropic regulator [ 209 , 213 , 214 , 215 ].…”

Section: Modulation Of the Network By Noncoding Rnas An Emergingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging, Melatonin, and the Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Networks

Hardeland

2019

IJMS

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259

187

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Aging and various age-related diseases are associated with reductions in melatonin secretion, proinflammatory changes in the immune system, a deteriorating circadian system, and reductions in sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) activity. In non-tumor cells, several effects of melatonin are abolished by inhibiting SIRT1, indicating mediation by SIRT1. Melatonin is, in addition to its circadian and antioxidant roles, an immune stimulatory agent. However, it can act as either a pro- or anti-inflammatory regulator in a context-dependent way. Melatonin can stimulate the release of proinflammatory cytokines and other mediators, but also, under different conditions, it can suppress inflammation-promoting processes such as NO release, activation of cyclooxygenase-2, inflammasome NLRP3, gasdermin D, toll-like receptor-4 and mTOR signaling, and cytokine release by SASP (senescence-associated secretory phenotype), and amyloid-β toxicity. It also activates processes in an anti-inflammatory network, in which SIRT1 activation, upregulation of Nrf2 and downregulation of NF-κB, and release of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 are involved. A perhaps crucial action may be the promotion of macrophage or microglia polarization in favor of the anti-inflammatory phenotype M2. In addition, many factors of the pro- and anti-inflammatory networks are subject to regulation by microRNAs that either target mRNAs of the respective factors or upregulate them by targeting mRNAs of their inhibitor proteins.

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Section: Modulation Of the Network By Noncoding Rnas An Emergingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging, Melatonin, and the Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Networks

Hardeland

2019

IJMS

Self Cite

259

187

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“…Other studies concerning the effects of melatonin on exosomes have likewise yielded remarkable insights on the potential of melatonin in modulating this route of intercellular communication, including one on anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages by exosomes from melatonin-treated cells [ 104 ]. Moreover, substantial information has meanwhile accumulated on the effects of melatonin on differential microRNA expression, i.e., on molecules of regulatory relevance that represent a variable but also quantitatively and functionally important cargo of exosomes [ 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 ].…”

Section: Melatonin Influences Glial and Glial-neuronal Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin and Microglia

Hardeland

2021

IJMS

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Melatonin interacts in multiple ways with microglia, both directly and, via routes of crosstalk with astrocytes and neurons, indirectly. These effects of melatonin are of relevance in terms of antioxidative protection, not only concerning free-radical detoxification, but also in prevention of processes that cause, promote, or propagate oxidative stress and neurodegeneration, such as overexcitation, toxicological insults, viral and bacterial infections, and sterile inflammation of different grades. The immunological interplay in the CNS, with microglia playing a central role, is of high complexity and includes signaling toward endothelial cells and other leukocytes by cytokines, chemokines, nitric oxide, and eikosanoids. Melatonin interferes with these processes in multiple signaling routes and steps. In addition to canonical signal transduction by MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors, secondary and tertiary signaling is of relevance and has to be considered, e.g., via the upregulation of sirtuins and the modulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory microRNAs. Many details concerning the modulation of macrophage functionality by melatonin are obviously also applicable to microglial cells. Of particular interest is the polarization toward M2 subtypes instead of M1, i.e., in favor of being anti-inflammatory at the expense of proinflammatory activities, which is well-documented in macrophages but also applies to microglia.

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Exosomal and Ectosomal Noncoding RNAs in Cancer–More Than Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers

Cited by 2 publications

References 25 publications

Aging, Melatonin, and the Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Networks

Aging, Melatonin, and the Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Networks

Melatonin and Microglia

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