Exosomal RNAs in diagnosis and therapies

Narang, Pranay; Shah, Morish; Beljanski, Vladimir

doi:10.1016/j.ncrna.2022.01.001

Cited by 36 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 108 publications

(130 reference statements)

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“…Exosomes comprise RNAs and can transfer them to other cells and tissues. The exosome-mediated RNA transfer has been initially reported for mRNAs and miRNAs. ,,, ,, Exosomal RNA pools are enriched in small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) and differ from the cellular RNA profile. ,, A wide variety of RNA species are embedded in the extracellular vesicles. The extracellular vesicles compendium Vesiclepedia lists over 10,000 entries of EV miRNAs and over 27,000 entries of EV mRNAs .…”

Section: Characterization Of Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes─Nature’s Lipid Nanoparticles, a Rising Star in Drug Delivery and Diagnostics

et al. 2022

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Exosomes are a subgroup of nanosized extracellular vesicles enclosed by a lipid bilayer membrane and secreted by most eukaryotic cells. They represent a route of intercellular communication and participate in a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes. The biological roles of exosomes rely on their bioactive cargos, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, which are delivered to target cells. Their distinctive properties�innate stability, low immunogenicity, biocompatibility, and good biomembrane penetration capacity�allow them to function as superior natural nanocarriers for efficient drug delivery. Another notably favorable clinical application of exosomes is in diagnostics. They hold various biomolecules from host cells, which are indicative of pathophysiological conditions; therefore, they are considered vital for biomarker discovery in clinical diagnostics. Here, we use data from the CAS Content Collection and provide a landscape overview of the current state and delineate trends in research advancement on exosome applications in therapeutics and diagnostics across time, geography, composition, cargo loading, and development pipelines. We discuss exosome composition and pathway, from their biogenesis and secretion from host cells to recipient cell uptake. We assess methods for exosome isolation and purification, their clinical applications in therapy and diagnostics, their development pipelines, the exploration goals of the companies, the assortment of diseases they aim to treat, development stages of their research, and publication trends. We hope this review will be useful for understanding the current knowledge in the field of medical applications of exosomes, in an effort to further solve the remaining challenges in fulfilling their potential.

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Section: Characterization Of Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes─Nature’s Lipid Nanoparticles, a Rising Star in Drug Delivery and Diagnostics

et al. 2022

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“…The successfully demonstrated the RNA from exosomes (isolated from mast cells) when added to human or mouse mast cells can show translatory effect hence they were also among the first to present the proof of concept of cell-to-cell communication via exosomes. Currently, a wide variety of RNAs like have been reported in exosomes [ 67 , 68 ]. However, among all types of reported RNAs non-coding RNAs present in exosomes have been studied extensively for putative role in cancer patho-biology and will be described in detail in following sections.…”

Section: Biogenesis and Attributes Of Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicle (EVs) Associated Non-Coding RNAs in Lung Cancer and Therapeutics

Paramanantham

Asfiya

Das

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Lung cancer is one of the most lethal forms of cancer, with a very high mortality rate. The precise pathophysiology of lung cancer is not well understood, and pertinent information regarding the initiation and progression of lung cancer is currently a crucial area of scientific investigation. Enhanced knowledge about the disease will lead to the development of potent therapeutic interventions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound heterogeneous populations of cellular entities that are abundantly produced by all cells in the human body, including the tumor cells. A defined class of EVs called small Extracellular Vesicles (sEVs or exosomes) carries key biomolecules such as RNA, DNA, Proteins and Lipids. Exosomes, therefore, mediate physiological activities and intracellular communication between various cells, including constituent cells of the tumor microenvironment, namely stromal cells, immunological cells, and tumor cells. In recent years, a surge in studying tumor-associated non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has been observed. Subsequently, studies have also reported that exosomes abundantly carry different species of ncRNAs and these exosomal ncRNAs are functionally involved in cancer initiation and progression. Here, we discuss the function of exosomal ncRNAs, such as miRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, in the pathophysiology of lung tumors. Further, the future application of exosomal-ncRNAs in clinics as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in lung cancer is also discussed due to the multifaceted influence of exosomes on cellular physiology.

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“…This variety includes, but is not limited to, DNA, ribosomal RNA (rRNA), translational RNA (tRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), micro-RNA (miRNA) and small non-coding RNA (sncRNA). [108][109][110][111] The majority of the nucleic acid population is known to be RNA, specifically small RNAs (∼200 nucleotides in length), which have demonstrated sufficient promise as specific biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics. 112,113 Unfortunately, these encapsulated RNA sequences are usually fragmented pieces, rarely do whole sequences get packaged within EVs.…”

Section: Ev Topology Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…117,118 Studies revealed that even upon RNase treatment, EV RNA was reported to be more resistant than free circulating RNA in various kinds of body fluids, implying its superiority as a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic agent. 111,[119][120][121] Vesicle-associated RNA has demonstrated its potential as a cancer specific diagnostic biomarker, prognosis predictor, and therapeutic agent. However, accurate detection and characterization of exosomal nucleic acids proves to be an extensive process, hampered by the low quantity of nucleic material encased in EVs.…”

Section: Ev Topology Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emerging micro-nanotechnologies for extracellular vesicles in immuno-oncology: from target specific isolations to immunomodulation

2022

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Exosomal RNAs in diagnosis and therapies

Cited by 36 publications

References 108 publications

Exosomes─Nature’s Lipid Nanoparticles, a Rising Star in Drug Delivery and Diagnostics

Exosomes─Nature’s Lipid Nanoparticles, a Rising Star in Drug Delivery and Diagnostics

Extracellular Vesicle (EVs) Associated Non-Coding RNAs in Lung Cancer and Therapeutics

Emerging micro-nanotechnologies for extracellular vesicles in immuno-oncology: from target specific isolations to immunomodulation

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