Extracellular vesicles (
EV
s) are nanosized, membrane‐bound vesicles released from different cells. Recent studies have revealed that
EV
s may participate in renal tissue damage and regeneration through mediating inter‐nephron communication. Thus, the potential use of
EV
s as therapeutic vector has gained considerable interest. In this review, we will discuss the basic characteristics of
EV
s and its role in nephron cellular communication. Then, the application of
EV
s as therapeutic vector based on its natural content or as carriers of drug, in acute and chronic kidney injury, was discussed. Finally, perspectives and challenges of
EV
s in therapy of kidney disease were described.