Exosomes: a novel therapeutic target for Alzheimer’s disease?

Cai, Zhiyou; Xiao, Ming; Quazi, Sohel H.; Ke, Zunyu

doi:10.4103/1673-5374.232490

Cited by 58 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…In recent years, as the main biological component of paracrine secretion of stem cells, exosomes reduce the possibility of stem cells forming tumors in vivo because they do not have the ability to divide and differentiate [ 20 , 21 ]. Compared with mesenchymal stem cell transplantation therapy, exosomes have relative stability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-incubation with human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells-exosomes prevents cisplatin-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury

Cao

2020

Aging

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Purpose: The administration of cisplatin is limited due to its nephrotoxicity, and prevention of this nephrotoxicity of cisplatin is difficult. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes have been implicated as a novel therapeutic approach for tissue injury. Results: In vitro, the NRK cells pre-incubated with HUMSC-exosomes increased the Cp-inhibited cell viability, proliferation activity, and the cell proportion in G1-phase and inhibited Cp-induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the expression levels of apoptotic marker proteins Bim, Bad, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-9 induced by Cp in the NRK cells were decreased by pre-incubating with HUMSC-exosomes. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that the exosomes from HUMSCs can effectively increase the survival rate and inhibit cell apoptosis of NRK cells. Therefore, pre-treatment of HUMSC-exosomes may be a new method to improve the therapeutic effect of cisplatin. Patients and methods: Exosomes were isolated from human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs). Co-culture of normal rat renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK) and the absorption of exogenous exosomes by NRK cells were examined in vitro. Then the NRK cells were incubated with exosomes from HUMSCs and cisplatin (Cp). Cells were harvested for MTT assay, cloning formation, flow cytometry, and Western blot.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-incubation with human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells-exosomes prevents cisplatin-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury

Cao

2020

Aging

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“…Changes in the contents of exosomes that are circulating in the blood may serve as early biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of AD. 94 For example, NDEs have 10,43,[53][54][55][56][57] Stimulation of aggregation of extracellular Aβ 10,43 Mediating neuron-to-neuron propagation of oAß [6][7][8][9][10] Induction of neuronal apoptosis 10…”

Section: Future Directions: the Clinical Value Of Exosomes Exosomes Amentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Targetting Exosomes as a New Biomarker and Therapeutic Approach for Alzheimer’s Disease</p>

Yin

et al. 2020

CIA

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that mainly occurs in old age and involves progressive cognitive impairment. AD has become a major global issue for public health, with approximately 24 million people currently affected by the disease. Estimates indicted that this number will quadruple by 2050. Because of the high incidence of AD, there is an urgent need to develop new strategies to diagnose and treat AD. Many recent studies have indicated the multiple, yet somewhat controversial, roles of exosomes in AD. Although the underlying mechanisms by which exosomes play a role in AD are still unknown, current evidence suggests that exosomes can carry and spread toxic amyloid-beta, and hyperphosphorylated tau, between cells, and then induce apoptosis, thus contributing to the loss of neurons. In addition, exosomes appear to possess the ability to reduce brain amyloid-beta, and tau hyperphosphorylation, and transfer neuroprotective substances between neural cells. The accumulating data brings hope that the application of exosomes may be helpful for early diagnostics and the identification of new therapeutic targets for AD. Here, we summarized the various roles of exosomes, and how they might relate to the pathogenesis of AD. We also highlight the potential application of exosomes as a therapeutic option in AD therapy.

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“…Exosomes are considered as fingerprints, or signatures, of the donor cell due to their specific profile of biomolecule content that can reflect the cellular origin and its physiological state [ 63 ]. Indeed, change in exosomal content can represent an early index for both diagnosis and treatment of the disease [ 81 ]. It is well known that miRNAs regulate AD-associated proteins in the brain and are stable in CSF and blood as they transport through biofluids within exosomes [ 82 ].…”

Section: The Role Of Exosomal Mirnas As Potential Biomarkers In Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomal miRNAs as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease

et al. 2020

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease, is linked to a variety of internal and external factors present from the early stages of the disease. There are several risk factors related to the pathogenesis of AD, among these exosomes and microRNAs (miRNAs) are of particular importance. Exosomes are nanocarriers released from many different cell types, including neuronal cells. Through the transfer of bioactive molecules, they play an important role both in the maintenance of physiological and in pathological conditions. Exosomes could be carriers of potential biomarkers useful for the assessment of disease progression and for therapeutic applications. miRNAs are small noncoding endogenous RNA sequences active in the regulation of protein expression, and alteration of miRNA expression can result in a dysregulation of key genes and pathways that contribute to disease development. Indeed, the involvement of exosomal miRNAs has been highlighted in various neurodegenerative diseases, and this opens the possibility that dysregulated exosomal miRNA profiles may influence AD disease. The advances in exosome-related biomarker detection in AD are summarized. Finally, in this review, we highlight the use of exosomal miRNAs as essential biomarkers in preclinical and clinical studies in Alzheimer’s disease, also taking a look at their potential clinical value.

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Exosomes: a novel therapeutic target for Alzheimer’s disease?

Cited by 58 publications

References 103 publications

Pre-incubation with human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells-exosomes prevents cisplatin-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury

Pre-incubation with human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells-exosomes prevents cisplatin-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury

<p>Targetting Exosomes as a New Biomarker and Therapeutic Approach for Alzheimer’s Disease</p>

Exosomal miRNAs as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease

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