Exosomes as a storehouse of tissue remodeling proteases and mediators of cancer progression

Das, Alakesh; Mohan, Vishnu; Krishnaswamy, V.; Solomonov, Inna; Sagi, Irit

doi:10.1007/s10555-019-09813-5

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“… 142 Moreover, exosomes derived from cancer cells carry glycosidases, which can cleave the extracellular matrix (ECM) components, such as glycoproteins and proteoglycans, resulting in ECM remodeling and facilitating tumor development. 143 A metabolomics study showed glutamate and lactate in the EVs of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Glutamate could provide precursors for the major macromolecular classes via carbon and nitrogen trafficking, and lactate could enhance the ability of cancer cells to survive in the hypoxic and nutrient-deficient conditions.…”

Section: The Underlying Molecular Mechanism Of Exosome-mediated Metabmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosome-mediated metabolic reprogramming: the emerging role in tumor microenvironment remodeling and its influence on cancer progression

Yang

Wang

Gong

et al. 2020

Sig Transduct Target Ther

257

185

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Metabolic reprogramming is reported to be one of the hallmarks of cancer, which is an adaptive mechanism by which fast-growing cancer cells adapt to their increasing energy demands. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) known as exosomes have been recognized as crucial signaling mediators in regulating the tumor microenvironment (TME). Meanwhile, the TME is a highly heterogeneous ecosystem incorporating cancer cells, fibroblasts, adipocytes, endothelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and extracellular matrix. Accumulated evidence indicates that exosomes may transfer biologically functional molecules to the recipient cells, which facilitate cancer progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, drug resistance, and immunosuppression by reprogramming the metabolism of cancer cells and their surrounding stromal cells. In this review, we present the role of exosomes in the TME and the underlying mechanism of how exosomes exacerbate tumor development through metabolic reprogramming. In addition, we will also discuss the potential role of exosomes targeting metabolic process as biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and prognosis, and exosomes-mediated metabolic reprogramming as potential targets for cancer therapy. Furthermore, a better understanding of the link between exosomes and metabolic reprogramming, and their impact on cancer progression, would provide novel insights for cancer prevention and treatment in the future.

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Section: The Underlying Molecular Mechanism Of Exosome-mediated Metabmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosome-mediated metabolic reprogramming: the emerging role in tumor microenvironment remodeling and its influence on cancer progression

Yang

Wang

Gong

et al. 2020

Sig Transduct Target Ther

257

185

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Supporting this possibility, purified B lymphocyte-derived exosomes can ex vivo efficiently bind to FDC [6,92]. Further experiments (i.e., direct evidence for MHC-II + compartment degranulation at the B lymphocyte-FDC IS) will be necessary to formally demonstrate the B cell origin of these exosomes and to study the potential contribution of the exosomal proteases [93] to the antigen extraction process.…”

Section: B Lymphocyte-apc Immune Synapse: Antigen Capture and Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inducible Polarized Secretion of Exosomes in T and B Lymphocytes

Calvo

Izquierdo

2020

IJMS

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Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EV) of endosomal origin (multivesicular bodies, MVB) constitutively released by many different eukaryotic cells by fusion of MVB to the plasma membrane. However, inducible exosome secretion controlled by cell surface receptors is restricted to very few cell types and a limited number of cell surface receptors. Among these, exosome secretion is induced in T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes when stimulated at the immune synapse (IS) via T-cell receptors (TCR) and B-cell receptors (BCR), respectively. IS formation by T and B lymphocytes constitutes a crucial event involved in antigen-specific, cellular, and humoral immune responses. Upon IS formation by T and B lymphocytes with antigen-presenting cells (APC), the convergence of MVB towards the microtubule organization center (MTOC), and MTOC polarization to the IS, are involved in polarized exosome secretion at the synaptic cleft. This specialized mechanism provides the immune system with a finely-tuned strategy to increase the specificity and efficiency of crucial secretory effector functions of B and T lymphocytes. As inducible exosome secretion by antigen-receptors is a critical and unique feature of the immune system this review considers the study of the traffic events leading to polarized exosome secretion at the IS and some of their biological consequences.

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“…Exosomes secreted from HIV-infected cells modulate matrix deposition and vascular permeability through communication with fibroblasts and endothelial cells [75]. This process further contributes to the spread of HIV and other coinfections [76]. The transportation of HIV proteins and RNA by exosomes has also been implicated in chronic inflammation, leakiness of gut or blood-brain barrier endothelium lining, and long-term neurological dysfunction.…”

Section: Blood/serum/plasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Shedding Light on the Role of Extracellular Vesicles in HIV Infection and Wound Healing

Alqatawni

Sharma

Attilus

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in intercellular communication. They are naturally released from cells into the extracellular environment. Based on their biogenesis, release pathways, size, content, and function, EVs are classified into exosomes, microvesicles (MVs), and apoptotic bodies (ApoBDs). Previous research has documented that EVs, specifically exosomes and MVs, play an important role in HIV infection, either by promoting HIV infection and pathogenesis or by inhibiting HIV-1 to a certain extent. We have also previously reported that EVs (particularly exosomes) from vaginal fluids inhibit HIV at the post-entry step (i.e., reverse transcription, integration). Besides the role that EVs play in HIV, they are also known to regulate the process of wound healing by regulating both the immune and inflammatory responses. It is noted that during the advanced stages of HIV infection, patients are at greater risk of wound-healing and wound-related complications. Despite ongoing research, the data on the actual effects of EVs in HIV infection and wound healing are still premature. This review aimed to update the current knowledge about the roles of EVs in regulating HIV pathogenesis and wound healing. Additionally, we highlighted several avenues of EV involvement in the process of wound healing, including coagulation, inflammation, proliferation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Understanding the role of EVs in HIV infection and wound healing could significantly contribute to the development of new and potent antiviral therapeutic strategies and approaches to resolve impaired wounds in HIV patients.

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Exosomes as a storehouse of tissue remodeling proteases and mediators of cancer progression

Cited by 27 publications

References 136 publications

Exosome-mediated metabolic reprogramming: the emerging role in tumor microenvironment remodeling and its influence on cancer progression

Exosome-mediated metabolic reprogramming: the emerging role in tumor microenvironment remodeling and its influence on cancer progression

Inducible Polarized Secretion of Exosomes in T and B Lymphocytes

Shedding Light on the Role of Extracellular Vesicles in HIV Infection and Wound Healing

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