Exosomes enriched in stemness/metastatic-related mRNAS promote oncogenic potential in breast cancer

Abstract

Cancer cells efficiently transfer exosome contents (essentially mRNAs and microRNAs) to other cell types, modifying immune responses, cell growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Here we analyzed the exosomes release by breast tumor cells with different capacities of stemness/metastasis based on CXCR4 expression, and evaluated their capacity to generate oncogenic features in recipient cells. Breast cancer cells overexpressing CXCR4 showed an increase in stemness-related markers, and in proliferation, migration and invasion capacities. Furthermore, recipient cells treated with exosomes from CXCR4-cells showed increased in the same abilities. Moreover, inoculation of CXCR4-cell-derived exosomes in immunocompromised mice stimulated primary tumor growth and metastatic potential. Comparison of nucleic acids contained into exosomes isolated from patients revealed a “stemness and metastatic” signature in exosomes of patients with worse prognosis. Finally, our data supported the view that cancer cells with stem-like properties show concomitant metastatic behavior, and their exosomes stimulate tumor progression and metastasis. Exosomes-derived nucleic acids from plasma of breast cancer patients are suitable markers in the prognosis of such patients.

Extracellular vesicle-mediated transport of non-coding RNAs between stem cells and cancer cells: implications in tumor progression and therapeutic resistance

“…Recently, Figueroa et al, has reported that glioma associated-human MSCs (GA-hMSCs)-derived EVs facilitate tumor supporting activities of GSCs by transferring glioblastoma specific miR-1587 between cells (91). Additionally, the comparison of miRNA content of EVs isolated from breast patients revealed stem cell-like properties and metastatic signature from patients with worse prognosis (92). This data supports the view that cancer cells with stem-like properties and their EVs could potentially aggravate tumor progression and metastasis.…”

The roles and implications of exosomes in sarcoma

“…In addition, exosomes may provide a non-invasive means to assess cancer pathogenesis, progression, and treatment outcomes. Recently, the exosome-shuttling miRNA [73-75], lncRNA [76] and proteins [77] have been demonstrated to be closely related to the prognosis of a variety of tumors, including esophageal cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer and so on [73-78]. These investigations demonstrate the applicability of exosomes as biomarkers of cancer prognosis to sarcoma pateints.…”

Liquid Biopsies to Evaluate Immunogenicity of Gynecological/Breast Tumors: On the Way to Blood-Based Biomarkers for Immunotherapies

“…In summary, EVs function as major immune regulators, and profiling of circulating EVs has high potential as marker for immunogenicity. Profiling of EVs circulating in BC patients' blood is common [125][126][127][128][129] but major issues remain regarding a validated and standardized isolation procedure, which have to be solved before the clinical implementation of EVs is attainable [115].…”