Exosomes: from carcinogenesis and metastasis to diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer

Kahroba, Houman; Hejazi, Mohammad Saeid; Samadi, Nasser

doi:10.1007/s00018-019-03035-2

Cited by 118 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Interestingly, BM‐MSCs‐derived exosomes facilitate multiple myeloma progression . Exosomes, as nontoxic and nonimmunogenic carriers, are found to be applied for novel drug delivery systems …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 Exosomes, as nontoxic and nonimmunogenic carriers, are found to be applied for novel drug delivery systems. 18 The miRNAs are a kind of small endogenous single strand RNA with 18-25 nucleotides, inducing the cleavage degradation, translation inhibition, or some other suppression on mRNAs through binding to the 3′ UTR region. And miRNAs efficiently regulate gene expression at a newly discovered level without influencing the sequence of target genes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exosomal miRNA‐1231 derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells inhibits the activity of pancreatic cancer

et al. 2019

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Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly malignant tumor with increased morbidity and mortality, which is difficult to diagnose and cure in the clinic. Through secreting exosomes containing biological molecules, including diverse RNAs and proteins, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs) influence the immunity, inflammation, tumor environment, and cancer metastasis. In this study, low expression of miRNA‐1231 (miR‐1231) in exosomes derived from the peripheral blood was significantly correlated with the TNM stage of PC, suggesting the potential inhibitory effect of exosomal miR‐1231 on PC occurrence and development. The proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion to the matrix of PC cells BxPC‐3 and PANC‐1 were negatively regulated by exosomes derived from the supernatants of BM‐MSCs that transfected with miR‐1231 oligonucleotides. Simultaneously, tumor growth in vivo was seriously restrained in BALB/C nude mice by tail vein injection with exosomes originated from BM‐MSCs that transfected with miR‐1231 mimics. The exosomes extracted from BM‐MSCs with high level of miR‐1231 inhibit the activity of PC, providing the potential application for developing new and efficient medicine for cancer therapy, especially for PC treatment. The exosomal miR‐1231 of peripheral blood may also be a potential indicator for PC diagnosis in the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomal miRNA‐1231 derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells inhibits the activity of pancreatic cancer

et al. 2019

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“…In recent years, a large number of lncRNAs have been identified as key regulators during cancer development and progression (24,25). The poor prognosis of patients with advanced GC is primarily thought to be due to rapid tumor metastasis (26). This therefore reveals that furthering understanding into the underlying mechanisms of GC may be beneficial for the development of novel and effective therapies (27,2�).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long non‑coding RNA DLX6‑AS1 silencing inhibits malignant phenotypes of gastric cancer cells

Tian

Kuang

et al. 2019

Exp Ther Med

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It has been revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve a key role in various malignancies, including gastric cancer (GC). In the present study, the expression and function of lncRNA distal-less homeobox 6 antisense 1 (DLX6-AS1) in GC was investigated. The data revealed that the expression of DLX6-AS1 was significantly upregulated in GC tissues compared with adjacent paired noncancerous tissues. Furthermore, the expression of DLX6-AS1 was higher in advanced GC tissue samples (III/IV) compared with the expression in early-stage samples (I/II). Furthermore, the current study demonstrated that a high expression of DLX6-AS1 was significantly associated with advanced clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. Compared with patients with a low DLX6-AS1 expression, DLX6-AS1 expression in patients with GC was associated with decreased survival. In vitro experimental data indicated that DLX6-AS1 was upregulated in GC cell lines and that the inhibition of DLX6-AS1 markedly reduced GC cell proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle progression, migration and invasion. Further investigation revealed that knockdown of DLX6-AS1 inhibited EMT in GC cells. In summary, the present study demonstrated that lncRNA DLX6-AS1 was upregulated and serves an oncogenic role in GC, indicating that DLX6-AS1 may be a novel therapeutic target for GC treatment.

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“…The role of exosomes in tumor is controversial. It has been reported that exosomes have dual functions in cancers; some documents reported that they promote tumor growth while others demonstrated anticancer effects of these vesicles . They can also be used as diagnostic biomarkers, therapeutic agents, and drug resistance agents in tumors .…”

Section: Exosomementioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging roles of exosomal miRNAs in breast cancer drug resistance

Najminejad

Kalantar

Abdollahpour‐Alitappeh³

et al. 2019

IUBMB Life

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Breast cancer (BC), as a heterogeneous disease, is considered as one of the most common malignancies in women worldwide. The resistance of BC cells to therapeutic agents has remained a big challenge in the treatment of BC patients. Some factors such as cytokines, exosomes, and soluble receptors were recognized as crucial agents involved in the development of drug resistance. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the drug resistance is still unknown. There is growing evidence to support the emerging roles of exosomes, especially exosomal miRNAs, in tumor initiation, angiogenesis, proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Therefore, identification of BC-specific exosomal miRNAs and their underlying mechanisms would be helpful to define sensitivity to therapeutic drugs and establish an appropriate therapeutic strategy. This review focuses mainly on the roles of exosomal miRNAs and their associated mechanisms in the resistance of BC cells to therapeutic agents, as well as critically examines the potential of these macromolecules as a treatment biomarker in BC patients. K E Y W O R D Sbreast cancer, exosomes, drug resistance, therapeutics, exosomal miRNA, microRNA 1 | INTRODUCTION Breast cancer (BC), after skin cancer, was reported to be the most common malignancy in women worldwide. 1 Conversely, BC was showed to have a low incidence rate in men, approximately 1%. BC does not kill in primary stage. It was shown that the 5-year survival rates are 99%, 84%, and 23% for women with localized BC, regional stage, and

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Exosomes: from carcinogenesis and metastasis to diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer

Cited by 118 publications

References 103 publications

Exosomal miRNA‐1231 derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells inhibits the activity of pancreatic cancer

Exosomal miRNA‐1231 derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells inhibits the activity of pancreatic cancer

Long non‑coding RNA DLX6‑AS1 silencing inhibits malignant phenotypes of gastric cancer cells

Emerging roles of exosomal miRNAs in breast cancer drug resistance

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