Exosomes in inflammation and role as biomarkers

Console, Lara; Scalise, Mariafrancesca; Indiveri, Cesare

doi:10.1016/j.cca.2018.11.009

Cited by 192 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…As described above, inflammation plays a critical role in cancer progression and immune response . Many studies have shown that exosomes play a critical role in the inflammatory microenvironment in tumors . For example, Wu et al .…”

Section: The Relationship Between Exosomes Inflammation and Cervicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…37 Many studies have shown that exosomes play a critical role in the inflammatory microenvironment in tumors. 134 For example, Wu et al investigated the biological effect of exosomes derived from gastric cancer cells in macrophage activation. They showed that these exosomes led to cancer progression by triggering the activation of the NF-κB pathway.…”

Section: The Relationship Between Exosomes Inflammation and Cervicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pathogenic role of exosomes and microRNAs in HPV‐mediated inflammation and cervical cancer: A review

Nahand

Moghoofei

Salmaninejad

et al. 2019

Intl Journal of Cancer

187

108

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Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer death in women. The most important risk factor for the development of CC is cervical infection with human papilloma virus (HPV). Inflammation is a protective strategy that is triggered by the host against pathogens such as viral infections that acts rapidly to activate the innate immune response. Inflammation is beneficial if it is brief and well controlled; however, if the inflammation is excessive or it becomes of chronic duration, it can produce detrimental effects. HPV proteins are involved, both directly and indirectly, in the development of chronic inflammation, which is a causal factor in the development of CC. However, other factors may also have a potential role in stimulating chronic inflammation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) (a class of noncoding RNAs) are strong regulators of gene expression. They have emerged as key players in several biological processes, including inflammatory pathways. Abnormal expression of miRNAs may be linked to the induction of inflammation that occurs in CC. Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles shed by almost all types of cells, which can function as cargo transfer vehicles. Exosomes contain proteins and genetic material (including miRNAs) derived from their parent cells and can potentially affect recipient cells. Exosomes have recently been recognized to be involved in inflammatory processes and can also affect the immune response. In this review, we discuss the role of HPV proteins, miRNAs and exosomes in the inflammation associated with CC.

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Section: The Relationship Between Exosomes Inflammation and Cervicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Relationship Between Exosomes Inflammation and Cervicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenic role of exosomes and microRNAs in HPV‐mediated inflammation and cervical cancer: A review

Nahand

Moghoofei

Salmaninejad

et al. 2019

Intl Journal of Cancer

187

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In cancer alone, the EVs release can be affected by several underlying conditions present in tumor microenvironment such as hypoxia, change in intracellular to intercellular pH levels, or even overexpression of an enzyme such as heparanase (Parolini, Federici et al 2009, King, Michael et al 2012, Thompson, Purushothaman et al 2013, Zhang, Yuan et al 2015. EVs are also increased in many inflammatory conditions, there were studies focusing on the relationship between inflammation and kidney diseases which revealed that in mice with acute and chronic kidney injury showed an increase in levels of exosomes carrying the inflammatory chemokine mRNA in mice (Console, Scalise et al 2019). Apart from underlying pathological conditions impacting the release rate of EVs, this change is even observed in normal healthy pregnancy.…”

Section: Variable Abundance Of Evs In Diseased Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Lipid-Based Approach for Normalization of Quantum-Dot-Detected Biomarker Expression on Extracellular Vesicles in Complex Biological Samples

et al. 2019

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Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes, are of considerable interest as tumor biomarkers, since tumor-derived EVs contain a broad array of information about tumor pathophysiology including its metabolic and metastatic status. However, current EV based assays cannot distinguish between EV biomarker changes by altered secretion of EVs during diseased conditions like cancer, inflammation, etc. that express a constant level of a given biomarker, stable secretion of EVs with altered biomarker expression, or a combination of these two factors. This issue was addressed by developing a nanoparticle and dye-based fluorescent immunoassay that can distinguish among these possibilities by normalizing EV biomarker level(s) to EV abundance, revealing average expression levels of EV biomarker under observation. In this approach, EVs are captured from complex samples (e.g. serum), stained with a lipophilic dye and hybridized with antibodyvi

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“…Exosomes mediate cell-cell communication by exchanging proteins, DNA, RNA and lipids between donor and recipient cells and activating signaling pathways in target cells via receptor ligand interaction [3,4]. They have been shown to play a role in regulating both physiologic and pathologic processes including immune regulation and cancer [5]. Exosomes secreted by cells into the extracellular environment have been shown to be internalized through different routes and mechanisms including fusion with the plasma membrane and a range of endocytic pathways such as receptor-mediated endocytosis, phagocytosis, lipid raft-dependent endocytosis and micropinocytosis [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosome labeling by lipophilic dye PKH26 results in significant increase in vesicle size

Dehghani

Flax

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles secreted by cells and distributed widely in all biofluids. EVs can modulate the biological activities of cells in a paracrine or endocrine manner, in part by transferring their content, such as miRNA, following uptake in recipient cells. Fluorescent labelling of EVs is a commonly used technique for understanding their cellular targeting and biodistribution. Lipophilic fluorescent dyes such as those in the PKH family have been widely used for EV labelling. One concern with the use of lipophilic dyes is an increase in the EV size. This size shift alone may undermine the validity of EVs tracing studies as small changes in the size of inorganic nanoparticles are known to affect their cellular uptake and biodistribution. Here, the possibility of minimizing the size shift of PKH labelled EVs was systematically studied by changing the labelling condition. Unfortunately, the size shift towards larger particles was observed in all the PKH labelling conditions, including those where the labelled EVs were below the fluorescent detection limit. As opposed to lipophilic dyes, no significant shift in the size of labelled EVs was detected with protein binding dyes. Since the size shifts identified in all the PKH labelling conditions are likely to affect the cellular uptake and biodistribution, PKH may not be a reliable technique for EVs tracking.

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Exosomes in inflammation and role as biomarkers

Cited by 192 publications

References 62 publications

Pathogenic role of exosomes and microRNAs in HPV‐mediated inflammation and cervical cancer: A review

Pathogenic role of exosomes and microRNAs in HPV‐mediated inflammation and cervical cancer: A review

Rapid Lipid-Based Approach for Normalization of Quantum-Dot-Detected Biomarker Expression on Extracellular Vesicles in Complex Biological Samples

Exosome labeling by lipophilic dye PKH26 results in significant increase in vesicle size

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