Exosomes mediate embryo and maternal interactions at implantation and during pregnancy

Nowak, Romana A.

doi:10.2741/s448

Cited by 45 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Exosomes are reported to regulate maternal immune system and contribute to the pregnancy establishment 67 through both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive modulations. Antigen presenting cells (dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells) release exosomes with immunostimulatory capabilities, which activate immune effector mechanisms 68–69 .…”

Section: Exosomes In Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Placental exosomes: A proxy to understand pregnancy complications

Jin

Menon

2017

American J Rep Immunol

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Exosomes (30- to 150-nm particles), originating from multivesicular bodies by the invagination of the endosomal membrane, are communication channels between cells. Exosomes are released by various cell types and cargo proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids reflecting the physiologic status of their cells of origin and cause functional changes in recipient cells, which are likely dependent on their quantity and/or cargo contents. Recently, placental exosomes, produced by various placental cell types, have been isolated from maternal blood using the placental protein-specific marker, placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP). PLAP-positive exosomes are seen in maternal blood as early as the first trimester of pregnancy and increase as gestation progresses, with maximum numbers seen at term. Although the functional relevance of placental exosomes is still under investigation, several studies have linked placental exosomes changes (quantity and cargo) reflecting placental dysfunctions associated with adverse pregnancy events. As placental exosomes can be isolated from maternal blood, they are liquid biopsies reflecting placental functions. Hence, they are useful as biomarkers of placental functions and dysfunctions obtainable through non-invasive approaches. This review summarizes the biogenesis, release, and functions of exosomes and specifically expounds the role of placental-specific exosomes and their significance associated with pregnancy complications.

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Section: Exosomes In Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Placental exosomes: A proxy to understand pregnancy complications

Jin

Menon

2017

American J Rep Immunol

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“…Extracellular vesicles have been identified in vivo in body fluids, including amniotic fluid, urine, and blood, and isolated from uterine fluid in sheep and women [18, 20, 21, 43, 44]. Furthermore, recent publications have demonstrated that EVs are released from human endometrial epithelial cells [18, 37, 44–46], extravillous and villous trophoblast cells [47], and primary trophoblast from term placenta [44, 48]. …”

Section: Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most cell types release EVs including hematopoietic cells, reticulocytes, B- and T-lymphocytes, endometrial cells, dendritic cells, mast cells, platelets, intestinal epithelial cells, astrocytes, placenta, neurons, and tumor cells [ 18 , 36 – 42 ]. Extracellular vesicles have been identified in vivo in body fluids, including amniotic fluid, urine, and blood, and isolated from uterine fluid in sheep and women [ 18 , 20 , 21 , 43 , 44 ]. Furthermore, recent publications have demonstrated that EVs are released from human endometrial epithelial cells [ 18 , 37 , 44 – 46 ], extravillous and villous trophoblast cells [ 47 ], and primary trophoblast from term placenta [ 44 , 48 ].…”

Section: Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles in the Intrauterine Environment: Challenges and Potential Functions

Nguyen

Simpson

Salamonsen

et al. 2016

Biology of Reproduction

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes (30–150 nm) and microvesicles (100–1500 nm), play important roles in mediating cell-cell communication. Such particles package distinct cargo elements, including lipids, proteins, mRNAs, microRNAs, and DNA, that vary depending on the cell of origin and its phenotype. This cargo can be horizontally transferred to target cells where its components can reprogram the recipient cell to modify its function. EVs have been identified within the uterine cavity of women, sheep, and mice, where they contribute to the microenvironment of sperm transport, and of blastocyst and endometrial preparation for implantation. It is likely that exosomes and microvesicles carry different cargo and coordinate different roles in this intrauterine environment. Understanding and defining these subtypes of EVs is important for future functional studies and clinical translation. Here we critically review the various purification and validation procedures for extracellular vesicle analysis and discuss what is known of endometrial-derived exosome cargo and of their hormonal regulation. The current knowledge of the functions of uterine exosomes, with respect to sperm transport and function, and of their actions on trophectodermal cells to promote implantation are summarized and evaluated in their physiological context. Given the potential importance of this form of cell-cell interactions within the reproductive tract, the critical issues discussed will guide new insights in this rapidly expanding field.

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“…Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane bound organelles which can convey information between cells through the transfer of functional protein and genetic information to alter phenotype and function of recipient cells [2,3]. Many recent reviews highlight the role of EVs in oogenesis, oocyte maturation and fertilization, embryo-maternal cross talk in the oviduct and embryo implantation [1,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. In this review, the recent knowledge on maternal-fetal communication, with special reference to the role of EVs during early interaction between embryonic and maternal tissues are reviewed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biological Function of Extracellular Vesicles during Fertilization, Early Embryo—Maternal Crosstalk and Their Involvement in Reproduction: Review and Overview

Capra

Consiglio

2020

Biomolecules

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Secretory extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed microparticles that mediate cell to cell communication in proximity to, or distant from, the cell of origin. Cells release a heterogeneous spectrum of EVs depending on their physiologic and metabolic state. Extracellular vesicles are generally classified as either exosomes or microvesicles depending on their size and biogenesis. Extracellular vesicles mediate temporal and spatial interaction during many events in sexual reproduction and supporting embryo-maternal dialogue. Although many omic technologies provide detailed understanding of the molecular cargo of EVs, the difficulty in obtaining populations of homogeneous EVs makes difficult to interpret the molecular profile of the molecules derived from a miscellaneous EV population. Notwithstanding, molecular characterization of EVs isolated in physiological and pathological conditions may increase our understanding of reproductive and obstetric diseases and assist the search for potential non-invasive biomarkers. Moreover, a more precise vision of the cocktail of biomolecules inside the EVs mediating communication between the embryo and mother could provide new insights to optimize the therapeutic action and safety of EV use.

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Exosomes mediate embryo and maternal interactions at implantation and during pregnancy

Cited by 45 publications

References 65 publications

Placental exosomes: A proxy to understand pregnancy complications

Placental exosomes: A proxy to understand pregnancy complications

Extracellular Vesicles in the Intrauterine Environment: Challenges and Potential Functions

The Biological Function of Extracellular Vesicles during Fertilization, Early Embryo—Maternal Crosstalk and Their Involvement in Reproduction: Review and Overview

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