Exosomes: Novel Biomarkers for Clinical Diagnosis

Lin, Jen‐Kou; Li, Jing; Huang, Bo; Liu, Jing; Chen, Xin; Chen, Ximin; Xu, Ye; Huang, Linfeng; Wang, Xiaozhong

doi:10.1155/2015/657086

Cited by 484 publications

(376 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…As exosomes are actively released by distinct cells for intercellular communication, they represent key factors in inflammation, immune response and diseases [1,2,[10][11][12][13]. Current studies analyze the applicability of exosome analysis in terms of molecular biomarkers in disease detection and surveillance [8,143,144].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of exosomal DNA in molecular neuropathology

Kraus¹

2018

LaboratoriumsMedizin

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Background: Exosomes are small vesicles of sizes between 40 and 100 nm. They are actively segregated by numerous different cell types and they can be found in almost all body fluids. Thus, there is an emerging role of exosomes and exosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (exoDNA) in biomedical research, especially in molecular medicine. Exosomes are assembled and segregated actively and carry distinct surface markers for cellular communication. They are loaded with cargo such as DNA, ribonucleic acid (RNA) and proteins. As there are numerous different exosomal purification methods available, it is of essential need to select an appropriate technique to get reliable results. As neuropathology is faced with the challenge that brain tissue is not accessible in an easy fashion, exosomes represent an ideal tool for molecular neuro pathology. Thus, disease-specific molecular alterations will be detectable in a minimally invasive way for early disease diagnosis and surveillance. Summary: The analysis of exoDNA as biomarkers in neuropathology will enable early diagnosis, monitoring and relapse detection of brain tumors and neuropsychiatric disorders. Outlook: It is assumed that the significance of exosomes will increase in the upcoming years. There are powerful approaches in development using exosomes in molecularly targeted therapy to ultimately cure devastating brain diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of exosomal DNA in molecular neuropathology

Kraus¹

2018

LaboratoriumsMedizin

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“…They contain proteins, lipids, DNA, mRNA, microRNAs and other non-coding RNAs, and are thought to be involved in cell communication and metastasis (24,25). There is growing interest towards these nanosized vesicles because the exosomal molecules are protected from RNase/proteinase-dependent degradation, and can be stably detected in the circulating compartment, making them ideal biomarkers for several clinical applications (26). Interestingly, Taverna et al isolated plasma exosomes from a chemo naive 70-year-old patient with stage IV NSCLC, harboring an EGFR activating mutation (27).…”

Section: Ctcs and Circulating Tumor Microemboli (Ctm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical issues in the clinical application of liquid biopsy in non-small cell lung cancer

et al. 2017

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“…Since these exosomes carry a great variety of pathogenic molecules (Figure 2), they can be potentially used for diagnostic and/or prognostic markers in the EBV-related cancers. Indeed, several reports have highlighted the potentials of employing exosomes as the biomarkers in various cancers [50,51], and the exosome-containing miRNAs are the most popular cancer diagnostic markers out of all [52,53]. There have been several lines of evidences suggesting that EBV oncoproteins can be targeted for cancer diagnostics.…”

Section: Exosomes As Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes as the Promising Biomarker for Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-Associated Cancers

Teow¹,

Peh²

2017

Novel Implications of Exosomes in Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer and Infectious Diseases

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Exosomes are microvesicles with sizes ranging from 50 to 150 nm. These small vesicles are known to morphologically and functionally resemble virus particles from human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-I) and human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I). The function of exosomes is to mainly mediate cell-to-cell communication by exchanging various macromolecules including proteins, lipids and nucleic acids in diverse cellular processes. Due to its size and structural simplicity, the transfer of pathogenic or virulent cellular factors across the cells mediated by exosomes is more efficient, hence facilitating the dissemination of viral infections and cancer diseases. The pathogenic role of exosomes in various cancers such as lung and breast, and their potentials as biomarkers have been previously studied, yet limited information is known for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated cancers. In this chapter, we discuss current evidences that support the pathogenic roles of exosomes in EBV-related cancers and their potentials as biomarkers in cancer diagnostics and therapy response. Here, we also highlight the potential challenges in the development of exosome-based biomarkers for clinical application.

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Exosomes: Novel Biomarkers for Clinical Diagnosis

Cited by 484 publications

References 78 publications

Emergence of exosomal DNA in molecular neuropathology

Emergence of exosomal DNA in molecular neuropathology

Critical issues in the clinical application of liquid biopsy in non-small cell lung cancer

Exosomes as the Promising Biomarker for Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-Associated Cancers

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