Exosomes, the Key Players in Cell-To-Cell Communication as the Universal Nano-Sized Disease Sensors of the Future

Abstract

Exosomes are nanovesicles shed by cells into the extracellular space. From an engineering point of view, exosomes can be assimilated to a complex system, that is, an arrangement of parts that together exhibit behavior that the individual constituents do not. The authors argue that the unique composition of exosomes as well as their involvement in cell-to-cell communication and monitoring a multitude of diseases, justify looking at exosomes, in the future, as universal sensors of diseases. After a short background on exosomes, the authors show how they are involved in the progress of different diseases.

Enhanced Cadmium Sensing in Fertilizer Samples using Zeolite-modified Graphite Electrode

“…[48][49][50] In addition, the integration of advanced sensing systems with emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and the Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized the field of electrochemical sensing. [51][52][53] Real-time data analysis and pattern identification are made possible by AI and ML algorithms, which raise the accuracy and reliability of sensing systems. 54 In the same manner, IoT solutions provide dispersed and ongoing environmental monitoring by providing remote sensor network control and monitoring.…”

Review—Structural and Optical Interpretations on Phosphor-Based Optical Thermometry

“…Sensors are essential to many technical breakthroughs as well as our daily life. There are several sensors which is globally developed with high end technology like 2D MXenes and Borophene as Intelligent sensors, 1,2 biosensors for biomedical fields, [3][4][5][6][7][8] 3D printing technology 9 Luminescent oxygen sensors for pre-detection of viral diseases, 10,11 Sensor based heat transfer detection, 12 strain sensors, 13 navigation sensor technology 14 and several luminescent based dosimeters. 15 The current generation witnesses a huge interest in optical temperature sensors due to their salient feature such as low cost, insensitive to electromagnetic interference, wide temperature range and they do not require electrical cable, high spatial resolution, and relatively easier detection, etc.…”