Exostoses and Cavernous Venous Formation in the External Auditory Canal of the Hooded Seal as a Functional Physiological Organ

Stenfors, Lars‐Eric; Sadé, Jacob; Hellström, Sten; Anniko, Matti; Folkow, Lars P.

doi:10.1080/00016480050218663

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…By contrast, exostoses are sessile, broad-based, usually multiple, bilateral, and occur in the medial tract of the meatus. The histological distinction is even more clear: the internal structure of osteomata reveals the presence of a rather disorganized mass of cancellous bone, while exostoses exhibit layers of dense compact bone with no marrow spaces (Friedmann, 1974;Di Bartolomeo, 1979;Graham, 1979;Filipo et al, 1982;Kemink and Graham, 1982;Sheehy, 1982;Noordzij et al, 1995;Fenton et al, 1996;Hutchinson, 1997;Stenfors et al, 2000).…”

Section: Eae Scoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water‐related occupations and diet in two Roman coastal communities (Italy, first to third century AD): Correlation between stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values and auricular exostosis prevalence

Crowe

Sperduti

O’Connell

et al. 2009

American J Phys Anthropol

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The reconstruction of dietary patterns in the two Roman imperial age coastal communities of Portus and Velia (I-III AD) by means of stable isotope analysis of bone remains has exposed a certain degree of heterogeneity between and within the two samples. Results do not correlate with any discernible mortuary practices at either site, which might have pointed to differential social status. The present study tests the hypothesis of a possible connection between dietary habits and occupational activities in the two communities. Among skeletal markers of occupation, external auricular exostosis (EAE) has proved to be very informative. Clinical and retrospective epidemiological surveys have revealed a strong positive correlation between EAE development and habitual exposure to cold water. In this study, we show that there is a high rate of occurrence of EAE among adult males in both skeletal samples (21.1% in Portus and 35.3% in Velia). Further, there is a statistically significant higher prevalence of EAE among those individuals at Velia with very high nitrogen isotopic values. This points to fishing (coastal, low-water fishing) as the sea-related occupation most responsible for the onset of the ear pathology. For Portus, where the consumption of foods from sea and river seems to be more widespread through the population, and where the scenario of seaport and fluvial activities was much more complex than in Velia, a close correlation between EAE and fish consumption by fishermen is less easy to establish.

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Section: Eae Scoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water‐related occupations and diet in two Roman coastal communities (Italy, first to third century AD): Correlation between stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values and auricular exostosis prevalence

Crowe

Sperduti

O’Connell

et al. 2009

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…For example, the ear anatomy of the pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and the walrus) has been adapted for diving in several ways. There is muscular control of the meatal opening to prevent water from entering the meatus, which is very narrow and waxy (Ramprashad et al 1972; Kastalein et al 1996; Welsch and Riedelsheimer 1997; Stenfors et al 2000). In addition, the meatus and middle ear are lined with cavernous tissue, which is highly vascularized and fills with blood to compensate for increasing pressure on the tympanic membrane as the animal dives (Repenning 1972; Stenfors et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of auditory brainstem responses across diving bird species

et al. 2015

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There is little biological data available for diving birds because many live in hard-to-study, remote habitats. Only one species of diving bird, the black-footed penguin (Spheniscus demersus), has been studied in respect to auditory capabilities (Wever et al. 1969). We therefore measured in-air auditory threshold in ten species of diving birds, using the auditory brainstem response (ABR). The average audiogram obtained for each species followed the U-shape typical of birds and many other animals. All species tested shared a common region of greatest sensitivity, from 1000 to 3000 Hz, although audiograms differed significantly across species. Thresholds of all duck species tested were more similar to each other than to the two non-duck species tested. The red-throated loon (Gavia stellata) and northern gannet (Morus bassanus) exhibited the highest thresholds while the lowest thresholds belonged to the duck species, specifically the lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) and ruddy duck (Oxyura jamaicensis). Vocalization parameters were also measured for each species, and showed that with the exception of the common eider (Somateria mollisima), the peak frequency, i.e. frequency at the greatest intensity, of all species’ vocalizations measured here fell between 1000 and 3000 Hz, matching the bandwidth of the most sensitive hearing range.

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“…One recent study shows that arctic Hooded Seals are born with well‐developed exostoses bilaterally in their external auditory meatus. These structures are always broad based, bilateral and symmetrical and could therefore not be classified as osteomas 10 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exostoses of the external auditory canal: a long-term follow-up study of surgical treatment

2004

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To determine the postoperative incidence, extent and recurrence rate of exostoses of the external auditory canal in a cohort of patients involved in different water sports. A cross-sectional study of 31 patients (46 ears), with exostoses treated by surgery in the Royal Cornwall Hospital between 1980 and 1999. A questionnaire was used to obtain information about the type of water exposure pre- and postoperatively. The extent of recurrent stenosis was assessed. The mean postoperative time interval was 10 years (sd = 4.5 years). The degree of stenosis was assessed as: minimal (<30%) in 42.6%, moderate (30-60%) in 31% and severe (>60%) in 25% of ears. The Cox regression model was used to identify factors associated with a reduction in the recurrence rate of stenosis. The use of ear plugs was highly significant (P = 0.015), as was the age of the patient at the time of operation (P = 0.004), i.e. the older the patient, the faster recurrent disease developed. There was no evidence to show that either the type or seasonal pattern of water sport activity influenced recurrence of the disease postoperatively, although preoperatively, the stenosis was more marked in association with surfing and sailing. Exostoses developed faster preoperatively in those who were in the water all year round rather than just the summer months. Of five patients who stopped water sport activity completely after surgery, four of them developed significant recurrent exostoses (>50% stenosis).

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Exostoses and Cavernous Venous Formation in the External Auditory Canal of the Hooded Seal as a Functional Physiological Organ

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

Water‐related occupations and diet in two Roman coastal communities (Italy, first to third century AD): Correlation between stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values and auricular exostosis prevalence

Water‐related occupations and diet in two Roman coastal communities (Italy, first to third century AD): Correlation between stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values and auricular exostosis prevalence

A comparison of auditory brainstem responses across diving bird species

Exostoses of the external auditory canal: a long-term follow-up study of surgical treatment

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