Exostoses in the External Auditory Canals

Gregg, John B.; Bass, William M.

doi:10.1177/000348947007900415

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The left meatus has a large exostosis on its anterior margin but none along the pos-terior margin. Similar exostoses are present in Shanidar 1 and Zhoukoudian "Skull X" (Weidenreich, 1943;Trinkaus, 1983a) and occur commonly among recent humans, largely as a result of irritation of the auditory canal (Harrison, 1962;Gregg and Bass, 1970).…”

Section: Temporomandibular and Cranial Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 83%

Pathology and the posture of the La Chapelle‐aux‐Saints Neandertal

Trinkaus

1985

American J Phys Anthropol

123

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The depiction of the Neandertals as incompletely erect was based primarily on Boule's (1911, 1912a, 1913) analysis of the La Chapelle-aux-Saints 1 partial skeleton. The inaccurate aspects of Boule's postural reconstruction were corrected during the 1950s. However, it has come to be believed, following Straus and Cave (1957), that Boule's errors of reconstruction were due to the diseased condition of the La Chapelle-aux-Saints 1 remains, rather than to Boule's misinterpretation of morphology. The abnormalities on the La Chapelle-aux-Saints 1 postcranium include: lower cervical, upper thoracic, and lower thoracic intervertebral degenerative joint disease (DJD), a distal fracture of a mid-thoracic rib, extensive DJD of the left hip, DJD of the right fifth proximal interphalangeal articulation, bilateral humeral head eburnation, and minor exostosis formation on the right humerus, ulna, and radius. These were associated with extensive alveolar inflammation including apical abscesses and antemortem tooth loss, some temporomandibular DJD, bilateral auditory exostoses, and minimal occipital condyle DJD. None of these abnormalities significantly affected Boule's Neandertal postural reconstruction, and a review of his analysis indicates that early twentieth century interpretations of skeletal morphology (primarily of the cranium, cervical vertebrae, lumbar and sacral vertebrae, proximal femora and tibiae, posterior tarsals, and hallucial tarsometatarsal joint), combined with Boule's evolutionary preconceptions, were responsible for his mistaken view of Neandertal posture.

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Section: Temporomandibular and Cranial Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 83%

Pathology and the posture of the La Chapelle‐aux‐Saints Neandertal

Trinkaus

1985

American J Phys Anthropol

123

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“…A latitudinal analysis has been developed in three categories based on sea surface tem- (1974) Hrdlicka (1935) Hrdlicka (1935) Oetteking (1930) Oetteking (1930) Finnegan (1972) Finnegan (1972) Finnegan (1972) Finnegan (1972) Finnegan (1972) Finnegan (1972) Finnegan (1972) Finnegan (1972) Wood-Jones (1933) Dodo (1974) Gregg and Bass (1977) Corruccini (1974) Hrdlicka (1935) Snow (1948) Blake (1880) Adis-Castro and Ossenberg (1970) Gregg and Bass (1970) Gregg and Bass (1970) Gregg and Bass (1970) Gregg and Bass (1970) Hooton (1930) Birkby (1973) Birkby (1973) Birkby (1973) McWilliams (…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between auditory exostoses and cold water: A latitudinal analysis

Kennedy

1986

American J Phys Anthropol

133

168

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The frequency of auditory exostoses was examined by latitude. It was found that discrete bony lesions of the external auditory canal were, with very few exceptions, either absent or in very low frequency (less than 3.0%) in 0-30 degrees N and S latitudes and above 45 degrees N. The highest frequencies of auditory exostoses were found in the middle latitudes (30-45 degrees N and S) among populations who exploit either marine or fresh water resources. Clinical and experimental data are discussed, and these data are found to support strongly the hypothesis that there is a causative relationship between the formation of auditory exostoses and exploitation of resources in cold water, particularly through diving. It is therefore suggested that since auditory exostoses are behavioral rather than genetic in etiology, they should not be included in estimates of population distance based on nonmetric variables.

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“…Although cited later primarily as a hereditary trait (Berry and Berry, 1967), there is abundant clinical evidence suggesting environmental factors are influential in stimulating the hyperplastic response (DiBartolomeo, 1979;Gregg and Bass, 1970;Harrison, 1962;Kennedy, 1986). Many recent anthropological studies of auditory exostoses have emphasized maritime activities, especially those involving exposure to cold water, as a principal factor in stimulating a hyperplastic response (e.g., Ascenzi and Balisteri, 1975;Frayer, 1988;Kennedy, 1986;Manzi et al, 1991;Standen et al, 1985).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%