Exotic associations and presentations of an age old disease: spectrum of tuberculosis in a developing country

Jetley, Sujata; Jairajpuri, Zeeba S; Pujani, Mukta; Khan, Sabina

doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20161818

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…[ 8 22 ] In more complex forms, it may present as indurated lesion often with sinus formation, associated with pain and discharge simulating an abscess while in others, involvement of the skin or the underlying muscle, nipple retraction creating the peau d'orange sign posing clinical problems in differentiation from breast carcinoma. [ 8 12 22 23 24 ] The most common presentation is a lump in the breast, multiple lumps are however less frequent, one case in the our series presented with two swellings. The classical presentation of TB in breast is unfortunately less common, causing difficulty in clinical interpretation at times.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…TB has been recognized as an affliction with an enormous impact in terms of morbidity, mortality, and economic cost. [ 12 ] India has the world's largest burden of TB, accounting for one-fourth (24%) of the global TB incidence. [ 12 ] Localization to the breast is not commonly seen even in developing countries like India where the disease is endemic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FNAC of the breast lesion is recognized as an important, easily performed diagnostic tool for breast TB. [ 12 ] In endemic countries like India, the finding of epithelioid cell granuloma and necrosis in FNAC smears warrants empirical treatment for TB even in the absence of positive ZN staining and culture for AFB. [ 8 27 30 ] Characteristic epithelioid cell granulomas with necrosis were seen in all the cases in the present study with AFB positivity in only three cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 8 27 30 ] Characteristic epithelioid cell granulomas with necrosis were seen in all the cases in the present study with AFB positivity in only three cases. Utility of FNAC has been variable, it has been reported in literature, to diagnose approximately 73% of breast TB by some,[ 12 ] and 43.3% by others. [ 27 ] Literature review showed that on the basis of cytomorphology (epithelioid cell granulomas, necrosis, and AFB in cytology smears) alone a diagnosis of TB breast can be given confidently.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnostic challenges of tubercular lesions of breast

et al. 2018

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INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) in the developing countries presents with both pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations. Breast TB, however, remains a rare presentation. Its importance lies in the fact that it may mimic malignancy or present as inflammatory lump/abscess. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study is to highlight the importance of breast TB and its diagnostic challenges. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was a retrospective study conducted at a tertiary care hospital, over 2 years between 2013 and 2015 during which eight cases of breast lesions were diagnosed as of tubercular origin. RESULTS: Granulomas were seen in five cases while three cases revealed only few epithelioid cells, and necrosis was seen in all cases on fine-needle aspiration cytology. Histopathological evaluation was available in six out of the eight cases, while acid–fast bacilli were positive in three cases, the characteristic granulomas were seen in all the six cases evaluated. CONCLUSION: Significance of TB breast lies in the fact that it may masquerade as breast malignancy or pyogenic abscess. India is a developing country where TB is endemic, a high index of suspicion should be expressed in evaluating breast masses, and TB should be considered in the differential diagnosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnostic challenges of tubercular lesions of breast

et al. 2018

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“…The interesting fact in this case which it even more unusual was the coexistence with tuberculosis in the cervical lymph nodes. Thus emphasizing on the point that tuberculosis is ubiquitous & in endemic regions, enlarged regional lymph nodes in malignancy are not always indicative of metastatic disease [14].…”

Section: Casementioning

confidence: 99%

The Unusual Tales of Arch and Nape

Shaan¹,

Rana²,

Zeeba³

et al. 2020

SJAMS

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Original Research ArticleIntroduction: Cancer is among the ten leading causes of death in India, and head and neck neoplasia in India accounts for 23% of cancers in males and 6% in females. They encompass a diverse group of uncommon tumors that frequently are aggressive in their biologic behavior. Aims & Objectives: Considering the magnitude of the problem in India and the associated high morbidity and mortality we undertook this study to focus on the rare and unusual head and neck malignancies. Material and methods: A retrospective observational study of unusual malignancies diagnosed in head and neck swellings. Result: A spectrum of rare malignancies was encountered including chondrosarcoma of the maxillary sinus and ocular surface squamous cell neoplasia. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma presenting as an infra clavicular swelling, polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma of the hard palate and clear cell carcinoma of minor salivary gland were some of the other rare tumors reported. Rare thyroid malignancies included poorly differentiated carcinoma and extramedullary plasmacytoma of thyroid. Few uncommon benign tumors were also reported including schwannoma of left side neck and plexiform neurofibroma of the lip. Conclusion: The need of the hour is to prioritize control and early detection of head and neck cancer in India with special emphasis on the uncommon entities. An awareness of rare entities is important to implement cancer control activities and fast track the diagnosis and management so as to deliver utmost benefit to patients.

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Exotic associations and presentations of an age old disease: spectrum of tuberculosis in a developing country

Cited by 2 publications

References 22 publications

Diagnostic challenges of tubercular lesions of breast

Diagnostic challenges of tubercular lesions of breast

The Unusual Tales of Arch and Nape

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