Exotic bark- and wood-boring Coleoptera in the United States: recent establishments and interceptions

Haack, Robert A.

doi:10.1139/x05-249

Cited by 456 publications

(392 citation statements)

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“…as the most serious and surprising problems stop resembling black swan events) significant biological and pathological traits may be revealed that illuminate some of their mysterious aspects. Interdiction via quarantine should play a prominent role in managing these problems (59). Likewise, once a problem has established in an area an enhanced awareness is needed of the risks that are posed by the movement of infested materials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although scolytines constitute less than 0.2% of all insect species, they have accounted for more than half of all interceptions at international ports of entry, due primarily to their association with packing materials that are made of nontreated wood (59). Beetles constituted 84% of the insects that were associated with wood materials imported into Chile and New Zealand, and 92% of the detections in the US (59).…”

Section: ) Have Extreme Impacts;mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Destructive Tree Diseases Associated with Ambrosia and Bark Beetles: Black Swan Events in Tree Pathology?

et al. 2013

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Diseases that are associated with ambrosia and bark beetles comprise some of the most significant problems that have emerged on trees in the last century. They are caused by fungi in the Ophiostomatales, Microascales and Hypocreales, and have vectors in the Scolytinae (ambrosia and bark beetles), Platypodinae (ambrosia beetles) and Hylesininae (bark beetles) subfamilies of the Curculionidae (Coleoptera) (73,102,144). Some of these problems, such as Dutch elm disease (DED), have a long history, have been extensively researched, and are fairly well understood (23,56,70,113,149,168,169). In contrast, other similar diseases developed recently and are poorly or partially understood (2,3,42,51,73,89,94,98,114,127,137,154,158, 164,165). Significant data gaps may exist for the ecology, epidemiology and management of the latter diseases.The emergence and unexpected importance of these tree diseases are discussed in thisarticle. An underlying factor in most of these interactions is the absence of a coevolved history between the so-called "naïve" or "new encounter" host trees and the pathogens and/or beetles (27,128,174). For the ambrosia beetles, these interactions are associated with susceptibility to what are typically benign fungi and atypical relationships with healthy trees (ambrosia beetles favor trees that are dead or stressed). Interestingly, the pathogens for both the ambrosia and bark beetle-associated diseases often have symbiotic relationships with the insects that are not based on phytopathogenicity. Some of the most alarming and damaging of these diseases are considered below as "black swan events" (155).Black Swans. Before 1697, improbable events and situations in Europe were known as "black swans" (at the time, all swans known to Europeans were white) (134). In that year, the black swan, Cygnus atratus, was discovered in Western Australia (38). Thereafter, "black swan" developed as a metaphor for a supposed impossibility that is contradicted with new information.For example, John Stuart Mill used black swan logical fallacy when identifying falsification, a key component in the scientific method (68).In a recent book, Taleb (155) developed Black Swan Theory (BST). Unlike the "black swan" to which Mill referred (68), BST focuses on unexpected events of large magnitude and consequence (155). Taleb (155) recognized such events in diverse fields including finance, history, science and technology. He suggested that black swan events: 1) have extreme impacts; 2) lie outside the realm of regular expectations (they are rare); and 3) are unpredictable.Although all ambrosia and bark beetle-associated diseases are not black swan events, several do fulfill the above criteria since they have large impacts, are uncommon surprises and are unpredictable (2,3,51,56,73,89,94,98,114,137,154,158, 164,165) (Table 1). They are typically understood and appreciated only with the benefit of hindsight and subsequent research.The Beetles and Beetle-associated Tree Diseases. The order Coleoptera contains more species than any other or...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Have Extreme Impacts;mentioning

confidence: 99%

Destructive Tree Diseases Associated with Ambrosia and Bark Beetles: Black Swan Events in Tree Pathology?

et al. 2013

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“…Despite efforts to combat this problem through improved regulatory controls in international trade, the accidental introduction of non-native forest pests in wood packaging materials such as pallets and dunnage, as well as commodities such as nursery stock, lumber, and manufactured goods, continues [4][5][6][7]. Although a relatively small proportion of these introduced species become serious invasive pests in their invaded regions, increasing numbers of forest insects and diseases are devastating natural and urban forests worldwide [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Challenges of Protecting North American Ash Trees from the Emerald Ash Borer Using Biological Control

Duan

Bauer

Driesche

et al. 2018

Forests

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After emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, was discovered in the United States, a classical biological control program was initiated against this destructive pest of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.). This biocontrol program began in 2007 after federal regulatory agencies and the state of Michigan approved release of three EAB parasitoid species from China: Tetrastichus planipennisi Yang (Eulophidae), Spathius agrili Yang (Braconidae), and Oobius agrili Zhang and Huang (Encyrtidae). A fourth EAB parasitoid, Spathius galinae Belokobylskij (Braconidae) from Russia, was approved for release in 2015. We review the rationale and ecological premises of the EAB biocontrol program, and then report on progress in North American ash recovery in southern Michigan, where the parasitoids were first released. We also identify challenges to conserving native Fraxinus using biocontrol in the aftermath of the EAB invasion, and provide suggestions for program improvements as EAB spreads throughout North America. We conclude that more work is needed to: (1) evaluate the establishment and impact of biocontrol agents in different climate zones; (2) determine the combined effect of EAB biocontrol and host plant resistance or tolerance on the regeneration of North American ash species; and (3) expand foreign exploration for EAB natural enemies throughout Asia.

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“…This European insect has successfully established in South America (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Chile), North America, Australia and New Zealand (Haack 2006, Wood 2007. It is a multivoltine species with up to 4 generations per year in Chile (Ruiz and Lanfranco 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns in flight phenologies of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) in commercial pine tree plantations in Uruguay

et al. 2017

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SUMMARYThe increasing forested area in Uruguay facilitates the establishment of exotic bark and ambrosia beetles. In 2009, the first infestation of bark beetles was officially recorded. The outbreak included Hylurgus ligniperda, Cyrtogenius luteus and Orthotomicus erosus. The objective of this study was to describe and compare the seasonal flight activity and development time of bark beetles in Pinus taeda commercial stands. Flight activity was monitored by placing interception traps from July 2012 to July 2013. Every 15 days, beetles were collected. Development time was assessed with sets of trap logs from June 2013 to June 2014 during every season. A fortnight after the presence of colonization signs was verified, trap logs were taken to the lab to be incubated. Among the three species of bark beetles captured, H. ligniperda was the most abundant, representing 57 % of the total captures, followed by O. erosus (30 %) and C. luteus (12 %). Hylurgus ligniperda was captured throughout the monitoring period, showing flight peaks during fall and winter. On the other hand, captures of O. erosus were recorded mostly during spring and summer. Cyrtogenius luteus was captured exclusively during high temperature periods. For all species recorded, log colonization date varied through seasons matching the flight period. Incubation time was strongly influenced by temperature, with shorter generations in high temperature periods. Correspondingly, differences in the duration of the subcortical phase were observed for the three species. Our study provided valuable information that can be used to adjust pruning and thinning schedules by forestry companies.Key words: bark beetles, flight phenology, commercial pine tree, Uruguay. RESUMENEl incremento de área forestada en Uruguay facilita el establecimiento de escarabajos de corteza y de ambrosia exóticos. En 2009 se reportó el primer brote de escarabajos de corteza, que incluyó a Hylurgus ligniperda, Cyrtogenius luteus y Orthotomicus erosus. El objetivo del trabajo fue describir y comparar la actividad estacional de vuelo y el tiempo de desarrollo de estos insectos en plantaciones comerciales de Pinus taeda. La actividad de vuelo fue monitoreada mediante trampas de intercepción (julio 2012 a julio 2013) y recolección cada 15 días. El tiempo de desarrollo se evaluó utilizando trozas cebo durante cada estación (junio 2013 a junio 2014). Quince días después de observados los signos de colonización, las trozas cebo fueron llevadas al laboratorio para incubación. Hylurgus ligniperda fue la especie más abundante (57 % de las capturas), seguida por O. erosus (30 %) y C. luteus (12 %). Hylurgus ligniperda fue capturado durante todo el período de monitoreo, con picos de vuelo durante otoño e invierno. Orthotomicus erosus fue registrado mayormente durante primavera y verano. Cyrtogenius luteus fue capturado exclusivamente durante períodos de alta temperatura. Para estas especies, la fecha de colonización de trozas varió entre estaciones, concordando con el período de vuelo. El tiempo de inc...

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Exotic bark- and wood-boring Coleoptera in the United States: recent establishments and interceptions

Cited by 456 publications

References 23 publications

Destructive Tree Diseases Associated with Ambrosia and Bark Beetles: Black Swan Events in Tree Pathology?

Destructive Tree Diseases Associated with Ambrosia and Bark Beetles: Black Swan Events in Tree Pathology?

Progress and Challenges of Protecting North American Ash Trees from the Emerald Ash Borer Using Biological Control

Patterns in flight phenologies of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) in commercial pine tree plantations in Uruguay

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