Exotic Physics and Chemistry of Two-Dimensional Phosphorus: Phosphorene

Abstract

Phosphorene, the monolayer form of black phosphorus, is the most recent addition to graphene-like van der Waals two-dimensional (2D) systems. Due to its several interesting properties, namely its tunable direct band gap, high carrier mobility, and unique in-plane anisotropy, it has emerged as a promising candidate for electronic and optoelectronic devices. Phosphorene (Pn) reveals a much richer phase diagram than graphene, and it comprises the two forms namely the stapler-clip like (black Pn, α form) and chairlike (blue Pn, β form) structures. Regardless of its favorable properties, black Pn suffers from instability in oxygen and water, which limits its successful applications in electronic devices. In this Perspective, the cause of structural diversity of Pn, which leads to different properties of both black and blue Pn, is discussed. We provide possible solutions for protecting phosphorene from chemical degradation and its applications in the field of energy storage namely for Li and Na ion batteries.

Theoretical prediction of HfB2 monolayer, a two-dimensional Dirac cone material with remarkable Fermi velocity

“…The quasi-planar structure of the HfB 2 monolayer is as a result of spontaneous symmetry lowering due to Pseudo Jahn-Teller instability in its planar form. [33][34][35][36][37] The B-B and B-Hf bond lengths are 1.85 and 2.32Å, respectively. The vertical distance between the Hf atom and B layer is 1.41Å.…”

Intriguing electronic structure and photocatalytic performance of blueP–SMSe and blueP–SeMS (M = Mo, W) van der Waals heterostructures

“…[15][16][17][18] Blue phosphorus (blueP) and black phosphorus (blackP) with buckled honeycomb lattice symmetry have also been theoretically demonstrated as new 2D allotropes of phosphorous poly-types. [19][20][21][22] Zhang et al 23 have successfully synthesized single layer blueP on an Au(111) substrate using molecular beam epitaxy technique. The graphene-like single layer buckled blueP has a atter layer than puckered black phosphorus (blackP) and is predicted to exhibit a tunable band gap (2 eV) and electronic mobility (4.6 Â 10 2 /4.7 Â 10 1 cm 2 v À1 s À1 along armchair/zigzag directions at room temperature).…”

Adsorption of Transition Metals on Black Phosphorene: a First-Principles Study

“…Phosphorene [ 1 – 3 ], a monolayer of phosphorus atoms arranged in a puckered honeycomb structure, has unique properties which include a direct semiconducting nature [ 4 ], ultrahigh mobility at room temperature [ 4 – 6 ], superior mechanical flexibility [ 7 ], and high thermoelectric performance [ 8 – 10 ]. These properties make phosphorene a very suitable material for a variety of applications such as field-effect transistors [ 1 , 11 – 16 ], Li- and Na-ion batteries [ 17 – 19 ], solar cells [ 20 , 21 ], photocatalysts [ 22 ], spintronics [ 23 ], and gas sensors [ 24 – 26 ].…”