Expandable graphite's versatility and synergy with carbon black and ammonium polyphosphate in improving antistatic and fire‐retardant properties of wood flour/polypropylene composites

Abstract

This study investigated the antistatic and fire‐retardant properties of wood flour/polypropylene composites consisting of carbon black (CB), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and expandable graphite (EG) through resistance meter measurement, cone calorimetry (CONE), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy. Antistatic property testing confirmed a positive effect between CB and EG on discharging electrostatic charge. Electrostatic charge was thus considered able to be conducted between CB particles through EG, which acted as a bridge in the CB/EG ‐ treated composites. The results of CONE tests showed that EG significantly reduced the smoke release of the wood plastic composites (WPCs), including total smoke release (TSR), average specific extinction area (SEA), and production of carbon monoxide. During the WPCs burning process, a compound of EG and APP showed synergistic effects which decreased heat release and fixed the residual char. TGA results demonstrated that combining EG with APP, as opposed to using EG only, effectively increased the residual mass and decreases the initial thermal decomposition temperature of the WPCs. Addition of APP caused the wood flour char by catalyzing at a lower temperature, moreover, EG and APP displayed good synergistic effects on fire inhibition and smoke suppression. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:767–773, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers

Preparation of antistatic high‐density polyethylene composites based on synergistic effect of graphene nanoplatelets and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes

“…Because the antistatic and mechanical properties are poor for composites composed of an antistatic agent that has hydrophilic groups, the use of high electrically conductive materials as antistatic agents has attracted great interest for many researchers. Metals, conductive polymers, and carbon materials have been added as antistatic agents into polymer matrix to obtain antistatic properties; such antistatic agents have included Ag, Cu, polyaniline, polypyrrole, carbon black, graphite, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene …”

“…Metals, conductive polymers, and carbon materials have been added as antistatic agents into polymer matrix to obtain antistatic properties; such antistatic agents have included Ag, Cu, polyaniline, polypyrrole, carbon black, graphite, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] CNTs and graphene are 2 kinds of new carbon materials that have been prepared in recent years, and their unique structure and excellent performance have attracted significant research interests. CNTs can be divided into single-walled CNTs and multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs), the latter of which are composed of several concentric single-walled CNTs.…”

Genişleyen Grafit ve Organokilin Kabaran Amonyum Polifosfat Esaslı Polipropilen/Karbon Elyaf Kompozitlerin Alev Geciktirici, Isıl ve Mekanik Özelliklerine Etkisi

“…Bununla birlikte %20 KF içeren kompozitlerde kül kompaktlığının ve kabarma kabiliyetinin neredeyse tamamen ortadan kalktığı gözlemlenmiştir. Literatürde yapılan çalışmalardan PP matrise GG ve OK ilave edilmesiyle birlikte kabaran külün koruyucu etkisinin arttığı tespit edilmiştir [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. Böylece KF varlığının sebep olduğu güç tutuşurluk özelliklerindeki azalmayı GG ve OK ilavesinin telafi edebileceği düşünülmüş, bu nedenle de mevcut çalışmamızda GG ve OK'nin kullanımı tercih edilmiştir.…”

Surface microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate with beta‐cyclodextrin and its application in wood‐flour/polypropylene composites

“…In recent years, halogen‐free intumescent flame retardants (IFRs) have been widely used in flame‐retarding wood‐plastic composites (WPCs) because of their environmental‐friendly features compared to the traditional halogen‐containing flame retardants . It is well known that halogen‐free IFRs are composed of three elementary parts: an acid source, a blowing agent, and a char forming agent.…”