Expanding Diversity of Susceptible Hosts in Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus Infection and Its Potential Mechanism Beyond

Dou, Yongxi; Liang, Zhongxiang; Prajapati, Meera; Zhang, Rui; Li, Yanmin; Zhang, Zhidong

doi:10.3389/fvets.2020.00066

Cited by 25 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…PPRV has been responsible for severe infectious disease in small ruminants, including goats and sheep. The virus caused significant economic losses in the goat and sheep industry and also threatens wildlife conservation [ 24 , 25 ]. To determine where caMAVS functions as a key factor in the antiviral innate immune response to PPRV, EEC cells were infected with PPRV.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caprine MAVS Is a RIG-I Interacting Type I Interferon Inducer Downregulated by Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus Infection

Miao

Chen

et al. 2021

Viruses

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The mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS, also known as VISA, IPS-1, or CARDIF) plays an essential role in the type I interferon (IFN) response and in retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) mediated antiviral innate immunity in mammals. In this study, the caprine MAVS gene (caMAVS, 1566 bp) was identified and cloned. The caMAVS shares the highest amino acid similarity (98.1%) with the predicted sheep MAVS. Confocal microscopy analysis of partial deletion mutants of caMAVS revealed that the transmembrane and the so-called Non-Characterized domains are indispensable for intracellular localization to mitochondria. Overexpression of caMAVS in caprine endometrial epithelial cells up-regulated the mRNA levels of caprine interferon-stimulated genes. We concluded that caprine MAVS mediates the activation of the type I IFN pathway. We further demonstrated that both the CARD-like domain and the transmembrane domain of caMAVS were essential for the activation of the IFN-β promotor. The interaction between caMAVS and caprine RIG-I and the vital role of the CARD and NC domain in this interaction was demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation. Upon infection with the Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus (PPRV, genus Morbillivirus), the level of MAVS was greatly reduced. This reduction was prevented by the addition of the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Moreover, we found that viral protein V could interact and colocalize with MAVS. Together, we identified caMAVS as a RIG-I interactive protein involved in the activation of type I IFN pathways in caprine cells and as a target for PPRV immune evasion.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caprine MAVS Is a RIG-I Interacting Type I Interferon Inducer Downregulated by Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus Infection

Miao

Chen

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…In general terms, however, it was noteworthy that only D. reticulatus , the ornate dog tick, was found on the horses and on the ground. This species is primarily found in semi-arid areas, but has a wide range of habitats [ 33 , 34 ]. The larvae and nymphs of this species live almost exclusively in association with rodents, while the adults feed on large mammals such as sheep, dogs, goats, cattle, and horses [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study on dogs and their ticks carried out in the same area of Güssing [ 10 ], seasonal variation of tick activity of D. reticulatus was restricted to the spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November), compared to the much more prevalent Ixodes ricinus that was active year-round, with peaks in April to May and September, indicating that Dermacentor favors cool, humid weather. In Germany, Slovakia, Benelux, and Poland, D. reticulatus is considered as a spreading tick species with a year-round activity, demonstrating an expanding geographic range within the last 50 years [ 34 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. The finding of a T. equi -positive tick removed from a horse is not ultimate proof of an infection within the tick population, since none of the questing ticks was positive; however, the genotype was identical to that of the infected mare and her foal, and the small number of questing ticks flagged from the ground was probably not sufficient to determine a low rate of infection with piroplasms in the tick population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Case of Autochthonous Equine Theileriosis in Austria

et al. 2021

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A 23-year-old pregnant warmblood mare from Güssing, Eastern Austria, presented with apathy, anemia, fever, tachycardia and tachypnoea, and a severely elevated serum amyloid A concentration. The horse had a poor body condition and showed thoracic and pericardial effusions, and later dependent edema and icteric mucous membranes. Blood smear and molecular analyses revealed an infection with Theileria equi. Upon treatment with imidocarb diproprionate, the mare improved clinically, parasites were undetectable in blood smears, and 19 days after hospitalization the horse was discharged from hospital. However, 89 days after first hospitalization, the mare again presented to the hospital with an abortion, and the spleen of the aborted fetus was also PCR-positive for T. equi. On the pasture, where the horse had grazed, different developmental stages of Dermacentor reticulatus ticks were collected and subjected to PCR, and one engorged specimen was positive for T. equi. All three amplicon sequences were identical (T. equi genotype E). It is suspected that T. equi may repeatedly be transmitted in the area where the infected mare had grazed, and it could be shown that transmission to the fetus had occurred. Due to the chronic nature of equine theileriosis and the possible health implications of infection, it is advised to include this disease in the panel of differential diagnoses in horses with relevant clinical signs, including horses without travel disease, and to be aware of iatrogenic transmission from inapparent carrier animals.

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“…The continuous high rate of spread of PPR around the world is quite evident (Dou et al, 2020). This might be due to the 3-dimensional pathways of replication the virus owns enabling it to potentially infect wide range of hosts (Aziz et al, 2020) and to a ict an estimate of 30 million animal globally every year (OIE, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peste Des Petits Ruminants: A First Retrospective Investigation Among Susceptible Animal Species in Qatar

Haroun¹,

Abdulla²,

Habeb³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in Qatar. Three hundred sixty-eight blood, swabs, and organ tissue samples collected between 2009 and 2016 were screened for PPR viral antibodies, antigens and nucleic acids using ELISA-Ab, ELISA-Ag and rRT-PCR, respectively. Fifteen PPR positive samples were subjected to virus isolation using Vero cell lines. 52% (n=192) of the samples were shown positive for PPR reporting first time infection of 52% (n=71) animal species including sheep, goat, deer, gazelle, addax, Oryx, blackbuck, deer, springbuck and waterbuck. Eight PPR virus (PPRV) field isolates demonstrated classical PPRV cytopathic effect (CPE) and shown positive for the virus antigens proving finally virus isolation. Sheep had the highest infection rate (55%) followed by wild ruminants (54%) and goats (47%). History wise, PPR might exist in Qatar before 2009. A systematic investigation is recommended to identify the risk factors associated with exposure of the susceptible animals to PPR infection, to test the susceptibility of the different species to PPR infection, and to describe the molecular entity and the replicative potentiality of the circulating field strains.

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Expanding Diversity of Susceptible Hosts in Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus Infection and Its Potential Mechanism Beyond

Cited by 25 publications

References 91 publications

Caprine MAVS Is a RIG-I Interacting Type I Interferon Inducer Downregulated by Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus Infection

Caprine MAVS Is a RIG-I Interacting Type I Interferon Inducer Downregulated by Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus Infection

First Case of Autochthonous Equine Theileriosis in Austria

Peste Des Petits Ruminants: A First Retrospective Investigation Among Susceptible Animal Species in Qatar

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