Expanding fungal pathogenesis: Cryptococcus breaks out of the opportunistic box

Kronstad, James W.; Attarian, Rodgoun; Cadieux, Brigitte; Choi, Jaehyuk; D’Souza, Cletus A.; Griffiths, Emma; Geddes, Jennifer M. H.; Hu, Guanggan; Jung, Won Hee; Kretschmer, Matthias; Saikia, Sanjay; Wang, Joyce

doi:10.1038/nrmicro2522

Cited by 290 publications

(283 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(115 reference statements)

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“…Esse padrão morfológico das leveduras de Cryptococcus spp. tem sido descrito como característico por diversos autores (Bose et al 2003, McFadden et al 2006, Okagaki et al 2010, Guarner & Brandt 2011, Kronstad et al 2011). Fig.1.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Cryptococcus spp. apresentam forma filamentosa quando localizados no meio ambiente ou em condições especiais de cultura, associada à fase de reprodução sexuada (Bovers et al 2008, Kronstad et al 2011. A abundância de células filhas observada nos casos de envolvimento cutâneo em felinos pode estar associada ao local primário da infecção e ao período inicial de multiplicação do agente no tecido.…”

Section: Quadro 2 Localização E Macroscopia Das Lesões Em Casos De Cunclassified

“…A abundância de células filhas observada nos casos de envolvimento cutâneo em felinos pode estar associada ao local primário da infecção e ao período inicial de multiplicação do agente no tecido. Casos de leveduras com grande quantidade de células filhas pequenas não podem ser confundidos com o estágio de reprodução baseado na formação de micélios com basidiósporos, tendo em vista que essa forma de reprodução sexuada só tem sido descrita no meio ambiente e em condições especiais de laboratório (Kronstad et al 2011), não existindo relatos da forma sexuada de reprodução da levedura de Cryptococcus spp. em tecidos infectados.…”

Section: Quadro 2 Localização E Macroscopia Das Lesões Em Casos De Cunclassified

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Características histomorfológicas e histoquímicas determinantes no diagnóstico da criptococose em animais de companhia

et al. 2014

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Pesq. Vet. Bras. 34(3):261-269, março 2014 261 RESUMO.-Sete casos de criptococose (seis gatos e um cão) foram estudados para estabelecer as características histomorfológicas e histoquímicas determinantes no diagnóstico histopatológico dessa condição. Os dados complementares relacionados à epidemiologia, aos aspectos clínicos, à localização das lesões e às alterações macroscópicas foram obtidos dos protocolos de necropsias e biópsias. Na histologia, as leveduras foram observadas no interior de macrófagos ou livres no parênquima, associadas à reação inflamatória linfo-histioplasmocítica que variou de escassa a acentuada. Pela técnica de hematoxilina-eosina (HE) as leveduras eram arredondadas, com célula central contendo um núcleo, circundada por um halo claro (cápsula geralmente não corada). As técnicas histoquímicas do ácido periódico de Schiff (PAS), Grocott e Fontana-Masson (FM) foram utilizadas e evidenciaram a parede das células das leveduras. Pelo FM observou-se a melanina presente nessas células. As téc- Seven cases of cryptococosis (six cats and one dog) were studied to establish the determining histomorphological and histochemical characteristics in the histopathological diagnosis of this condition. Additional data related to the epidemiology, clinical aspects, sites of the lesions, and gross findings were obtained from the necropsy and biopsy protocols. Histologically, yeasts were observed inside macrophages or free in the parenchyma, associated with scarse to severe lymphohistioplasmacytic inflammatory reaction. In the hematoxylin-eosin (HE) sections, the yeasts were round, with a central cell containing a nucleus, surrounded by a clear halo (usually non-stained capsule). The techniques of periodic Schiff acid (PAS), Groccot (GMS), and Fontana-Masson (FM) were utilized and demonstrated the wall of the yeast cells. The FM stain showed the melanin present in these cells. The Alcian blue and Mayer's mucicarmin stains showed mainly the yeast polysaccharide capsule. The diameter of the cells ranged from 1.67 to 10.00µm and the full diameter of the encapsulated yeasts varied between 4.17 e 34.16µm. Yeast buddings were better observed through the PAS stain and were narrow based, simple or multiple, mainly in the opposite poles of the cells or forming chains. The definitive diagnosis of cryptococosis was established through the histopathological exam, based on the specific morphology of the agent (encapsulated yeast) and on histochemical proprieties, mostly in the cases without fungal culture.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Section: Quadro 2 Localização E Macroscopia Das Lesões Em Casos De Cunclassified

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Características histomorfológicas e histoquímicas determinantes no diagnóstico da criptococose em animais de companhia

et al. 2014

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“…neoformans is one of the most life-threatening human fungal pathogens and is a direct causative agent of lethal meningoencephalitis in both immunodeficient and immunocompetent individuals 9,10 . C. neoformans infection initiates in the human lungs, after inhalation of fungal cells from the environment.…”

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Reciprocal functions of Cryptococcus neoformans copper homeostasis machinery during pulmonary infection and meningoencephalitis

et al. 2014

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“…The scope of cryptococcosis by C. neoformans prevails when associated with low cellular immunity conditions. This characteristic is due to its tendency to infect immunocompromised individuals, particularly those infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus [HIV] (Del Poeta and Casadevall, 2012;Kronstad et al, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

In vitro Evaluation of the Curcumin against Fluconazole-Resistant Strains of Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans

Freitas¹,

Silva²,

Neto³

et al. 2018

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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The isolates of Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans were inhibited by curcumin, with different degrees of inhibition among species, with MICs ranging from 8-64 µg/mL. After exposure of the C. albicans strains to curcumin, it was observed a decrease in the number of viable cells and damage to cell membranes, the mitochondrial function of C. albicans cells appears to be affected after exposure to curcumin. Our data suggest that after exposure to curcumin, C. albicans cells showed total strand breaks in the DNA, where the nuclear DNA fragmentation was evident in the comet assay. Oxidative damage to DNA was verified by the alkaline comet assay in the presence of Fpg, where it was observed an increase in DNA migration of cells that were treated with curcumin. Based on the characteristics of cell death observed, it is raised the hypothesis that curcumin seems to exert its antifungal activity at specific sites near the DNA, resulting in cell death by apoptosis. K e y w o r d sCurcumin. Resistance.

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Expanding fungal pathogenesis: Cryptococcus breaks out of the opportunistic box

Cited by 290 publications

References 104 publications

Características histomorfológicas e histoquímicas determinantes no diagnóstico da criptococose em animais de companhia

Características histomorfológicas e histoquímicas determinantes no diagnóstico da criptococose em animais de companhia

Reciprocal functions of Cryptococcus neoformans copper homeostasis machinery during pulmonary infection and meningoencephalitis

In vitro Evaluation of the Curcumin against Fluconazole-Resistant Strains of Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans

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