Expanding the limits of sex: a systematic review concerning food and nutrition in transgender populations

Gomes, Sávio Marcelino; Jacob, Michelle Cm; Rocha, Cecília; Medeiros, Maria Fa; Lyra, Clélia de Oliveira; Noro, Luiz Ra

doi:10.1017/s1368980021001671

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Further, even when their needs are covered by public health systems, barriers of access, stigma, and discrimination can prevent transgender people from accessing covered services, necessitating payments to private providers for required services [ 31 , 32 ]. As with all personal costs, direct health costs are associated with food insecurity [ 33 ], so the need to perform gender affirming procedures can increase this insecurity [ 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food insecurity in a Brazilian transgender sample during the COVID-19 pandemic

et al. 2023

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Transgender people often live with social vulnerability, largely promoted by gender-based prejudice. Our aim in this article was to raise preliminary data on how the COVID-19 pandemic and perceived prejudice have contributed to the problem of food and food insecurity in the transgender communities in Brazil. We conducted a web-based cross-sectional study, in which 109 transgender people from all regions of Brazil participated. We used the Chi-Square test and Poisson regression modeling with robust variance to estimate the association between food insecurity and the investigated factors. In our sample, 68.8% of transgender people experienced food insecurity, of these, 20.2% experienced severe food insecurity. Our results showed that the difficulties in purchasing food in the transgender community predate the COVID-19 pandemic, yet that the restrictive measures adopted have also impacted overall access to quality food. However, the main explanations for food insecurity were income and employment. In predicting food insecurity, the experiences of prejudice must be considered, and give rise to the hypothesis that specific conditions to which transgender people are exposed explain, to some degree, their vulnerability to food insecurity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food insecurity in a Brazilian transgender sample during the COVID-19 pandemic

et al. 2023

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“…Participants reported a number of health behavior changes that resulted from stay-at-home conditions during the first year of the pandemic, including altering their diet and exercise. Much of the current literature on nutrition and eating behaviors among transgender populations has followed the biomedical disease model, focusing largely on eating disorders in lieu of broader explorations of nutrition and exercise among trans individuals ( Gomes et al, 2021 ). Current nutritional guidelines rely on a narrow gender binary for making recommendations for daily nutrition, leaving trans and nonbinary individuals without adequate health and nutrient information, nor a sufficient body of literature to build culturally tailored recommendations upon ( Gomes et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much of the current literature on nutrition and eating behaviors among transgender populations has followed the biomedical disease model, focusing largely on eating disorders in lieu of broader explorations of nutrition and exercise among trans individuals ( Gomes et al, 2021 ). Current nutritional guidelines rely on a narrow gender binary for making recommendations for daily nutrition, leaving trans and nonbinary individuals without adequate health and nutrient information, nor a sufficient body of literature to build culturally tailored recommendations upon ( Gomes et al, 2021 ). In our study, participants reported that stay-at-home working conditions and additional time spent in the home allotted for more time to prepare food, more intentional control over their diet, and greater time spent exercising; behaviors that could improve physical health and well-being.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and Access to Gender-Affirming Care During COVID-19: Experiences of transmasculine individuals and men assigned female sex at birth

et al. 2021

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Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, global research has suggested that the pandemic has negatively affected lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning (LGBTQ) populations, including by limiting health care access. There is little research on the impact of COVID-19 among transmasculine persons and men assigned female sex at birth (AFAB) in the United States, who face unique health care challenges outside of the pandemic context. Between May and June of 2020, 20 transmasculine individuals and AFAB men who have sex with men participated in semi-structured interviews about their experiences during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were asked how the pandemic affected their access to health care, overall health, and well-being. Interviews were analyzed using an inductive, thematic approach. Participants reported reduced access to in-person health care, which in some cases meant overdue hormone-related bloodwork and unmet health care needs. Most participants reported that they were able to maintain their testosterone regimen, although some were concerned about future access, citing anxiety about potential shortages. Three participants reported canceled or deferred gender-affirming procedures, which they were uncertain would be rescheduled soon. Participants generally reported that the expansion of telehealth improved access to care, particularly for gender-affirming psychotherapy that was otherwise inaccessible or inconvenient prior to the pandemic. Other salient themes include the pandemic’s impact on health behaviors and daily routines. Although the COVID-19 pandemic created new challenges for maintaining health, it also expanded access to gender-affirming health care, largely through the expansion of telehealth. Our findings provide new insights for supporting the health of transmasculine individuals and AFAB men.

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