Expanding the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Universe: An Update on MAP4Ks

Pan, Lixia; Smet, Ive De

doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.01220

Cited by 10 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…4a and Supplementary Data 1 ). TOT3 encodes MAP4K4, a conserved member of a clade of protein kinases referred to as the MAP4K family 26 (Supplementary Fig. 3 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the MAP kinase signalling cascades in plants have been extensively studied in the context of development and stress responses, not much is known about the function of plant MAP4Ks and whether these proteins function independently from the canonical MAP3K-MAP2K-MAPK cascades 26 . Here, we show that MAP4K4/TOT3 interacts with related MAP4Ks (MAP4K6/TOI4 and MAP4K5/TOI5) and that these related kinases also play a role in thermomorphogenesis in conjunction with TOT3 to varying extents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The membrane-localized protein kinase MAP4K4/TOT3 regulates thermomorphogenesis

Zhu

et al. 2021

Nat Commun

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Plants respond to mild warm temperature conditions by increased elongation growth of organs to enhance cooling capacity, in a process called thermomorphogenesis. To this date, the regulation of thermomorphogenesis has been exclusively shown to intersect with light signalling pathways. To identify regulators of thermomorphogenesis that are conserved in flowering plants, we map changes in protein phosphorylation in both dicots and monocots exposed to warm temperature. We identify MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASE KINASE KINASE4 (MAP4K4)/TARGET OF TEMPERATURE3 (TOT3) as a regulator of thermomorphogenesis that impinges on brassinosteroid signalling in Arabidopsis thaliana. In addition, we show that TOT3 plays a role in thermal response in wheat, a monocot crop. Altogether, the conserved thermal regulation by TOT3 expands our knowledge of thermomorphogenesis beyond the well-studied pathways and can contribute to ensuring food security under a changing climate.

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“…4a and Supplementary Data 1 ). TOT3 encodes MAP4K4, a conserved member of a clade of protein kinases referred to as the MAP4K family 26 (Supplementary Fig. 3 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The membrane-localized protein kinase MAP4K4/TOT3 regulates thermomorphogenesis

Zhu

et al. 2021

Nat Commun

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“…Phosphorelay sensor kinase activity, protein histidine kinase activity, protein phosphatase regulator activity, and phosphatase regulator activity are enriched among the differentially phosphorylated proteins ( Figure 4 ), suggesting that these identified proteins function in the early signaling pathway during thermo-responses. One of the best studied signaling cascades is the phosphorelay regulated by MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASEs (MAPKs) family proteins ( Pan and De Smet, 2020 ). The MAPK signaling cascade includes a MAPK KINASE KINASE (MAP3K), a MAPK KINASE (MAP2K), and a MAPK, which receives signals from the upstream receptor and transduces the signals to downstream transcription factors or effectors ( Xu and Zhang, 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the current study, the phosphorylation level of two receptor-like protein kinases, three MAP3Ks, and at least nine protein kinases, including the CBL-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 16 (CIPK16) and calcium-dependent protein kinase 6/29 (CPK6/29), are upregulated by warm temperatures ( Supplementary Table S3 ), which supports that protein phosphorylation modification is important for thermo-responses in plants. MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASE KINASE KINASEs (MAP4Ks) are also present in plants although their targets are unknown and not necessarily only MAP3Ks ( Pan and De Smet, 2020 ). In our study, the phosphorylation level of one MAP4K (MAP4Ka2) at two sites is upregulated by warm temperatures ( Supplementary Table S3 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphoproteomic Analysis of Thermomorphogenic Responses in Arabidopsis

2021

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Plants rapidly adapt to elevated ambient temperature by adjusting their growth and developmental programs. To date, a number of experiments have been carried out to understand how plants sense and respond to warm temperatures. However, how warm temperature signals are relayed from thermosensors to transcriptional regulators is largely unknown. To identify new early regulators of plant thermo-responsiveness, we performed phosphoproteomic analysis using TMT (Tandem Mass Tags) labeling and phosphopeptide enrichment with Arabidopsis etiolated seedlings treated with or without 3h of warm temperatures (29°C). In total, we identified 13,160 phosphopeptides in 5,125 proteins with 10,700 quantifiable phosphorylation sites. Among them, 200 sites (180 proteins) were upregulated, while 120 sites (87 proteins) were downregulated by elevated temperature. GO (Gene Ontology) analysis indicated that phosphorelay-related molecular function was enriched among the differentially phosphorylated proteins. We selected ATL6 (ARABIDOPSIS TOXICOS EN LEVADURA 6) from them and expressed its native and phosphorylation-site mutated (S343A S357A) forms in Arabidopsis and found that the mutated form of ATL6 was less stable than that of the native form both in vivo and in cell-free degradation assays. Taken together, our data revealed extensive protein phosphorylation during thermo-responsiveness, providing new candidate proteins/genes for studying plant thermomorphogenesis in the future.

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“…If the activity is inhibited, catalysis will slow down, leading to an increase in substrate(s) and a decrease in product(s). Many enzymes, especially in central metabolism, have been shown to be inhibited by oxidative modifications [ 8 , 53 , 69 , 70 , 71 ]. In other cases, the ROS molecule itself will be the signal, because it can diffuse from one compartment to the other and hence modify the redox status in compartments distant from the point where that ROS have been generated.…”

Section: Ros and Physiological And Cellular Responses In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

cROStalk for Life: Uncovering ROS Signaling in Plants and Animal Systems, from Gametogenesis to Early Embryonic Development

Lodde

Morandini

Costa

et al. 2021

Genes

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This review explores the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/Ca2+ in communication within reproductive structures in plants and animals. Many concepts have been described during the last years regarding how biosynthesis, generation products, antioxidant systems, and signal transduction involve ROS signaling, as well as its possible link with developmental processes and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this review, we first addressed classic key concepts in ROS and Ca2+ signaling in plants, both at the subcellular, cellular, and organ level. In the plant science field, during the last decades, new techniques have facilitated the in vivo monitoring of ROS signaling cascades. We will describe these powerful techniques in plants and compare them to those existing in animals. Development of new analytical techniques will facilitate the understanding of ROS signaling and their signal transduction pathways in plants and mammals. Many among those signaling pathways already have been studied in animals; therefore, a specific effort should be made to integrate this knowledge into plant biology. We here discuss examples of how changes in the ROS and Ca2+ signaling pathways can affect differentiation processes in plants, focusing specifically on reproductive processes where the ROS and Ca2+ signaling pathways influence the gametophyte functioning, sexual reproduction, and embryo formation in plants and animals. The study field regarding the role of ROS and Ca2+ in signal transduction is evolving continuously, which is why we reviewed the recent literature and propose here the potential targets affecting ROS in reproductive processes. We discuss the opportunities to integrate comparative developmental studies and experimental approaches into studies on the role of ROS/ Ca2+ in both plant and animal developmental biology studies, to further elucidate these crucial signaling pathways.

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Expanding the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Universe: An Update on MAP4Ks

Cited by 10 publications

References 53 publications

The membrane-localized protein kinase MAP4K4/TOT3 regulates thermomorphogenesis

The membrane-localized protein kinase MAP4K4/TOT3 regulates thermomorphogenesis

Phosphoproteomic Analysis of Thermomorphogenic Responses in Arabidopsis

cROStalk for Life: Uncovering ROS Signaling in Plants and Animal Systems, from Gametogenesis to Early Embryonic Development

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