Expansion and Function of Repeat Domain Proteins During Stress and Development in Plants

Abstract

The recurrent repeats having conserved stretches of amino acids exists across all domains of life. Subsequent repetition of single sequence motif and the number and length of the minimal repeating motifs are essential characteristics innate to these proteins. The proteins with tandem peptide repeats are essential for providing surface to mediate protein–protein interactions for fundamental biological functions. Plants are enriched in tandem repeat containing proteins typically distributed into various families. This has been assumed that the occurrence of multigene repeats families in plants enable them to cope up with adverse environmental conditions and allow them to rapidly acclimatize to these conditions. The evolution, structure, and function of repeat proteins have been studied in all kingdoms of life. The presence of repeat proteins is particularly profuse in multicellular organisms in comparison to prokaryotes. The precipitous expansion of repeat proteins in plants is presumed to be through internal tandem duplications. Several repeat protein gene families have been identified in plants. Such as Armadillo (ARM), Ankyrin (ANK), HEAT, Kelch-like repeats, Tetratricopeptide (TPR), Leucine rich repeats (LRR), WD40, and Pentatricopeptide repeats (PPR). The structure and functions of these repeat proteins have been extensively studied in plants suggesting a critical role of these repeating peptides in plant cell physiology, stress and development. In this review, we illustrate the structural, functional, and evolutionary prospects of prolific repeat proteins in plants.

Evolution and structural diversification ofNictaba-like lectin genes in food crops with a focus on soybean (Glycine max)

“…Domain combination and convergence and divergence of protein domains could be driven by sub-and/or neofunctionalization of duplicated genes upon gene or genome duplications (Lynch and Conery, 2000;Taylor and Raes, 2004;Gough, 2005;Vogel and Morea, 2006). LRR domain-containing proteins, for example, are thought to be associated with the plant's response to stress adaptation and tolerance (Schaper and Anisimova, 2015;Sharma and Pandey, 2016). Genes encoding proteins with a double Nictaba domain have been identified in three nonrelated species (S. bicolor, G. max and S. lycopersicum), but this could be the result of independent domain reorganizations within the different linages.…”

“…Protein domain rearrangements are driven by evolutionary events such as duplication, fusion, fission and domain loss, and play an essential role in the evolution and expansion of multi-domain proteins (Kummerfeld and Teichmann, 2005;Weiner et al, 2006;Moore et al, 2008;Moore and BornbergBauer, 2012). Therefore, protein domains are considered discrete evolutionary units and could be related to plant adaptation and tolerance to variable environmental conditions (Yang and Bourne, 2009;Sharma and Pandey, 2016). The plant lectin family comprises all proteins that specifically bind carbohydrates.…”

De novo transcriptome assembly of sugarcane leaves submitted to prolonged water-deficit stress

“…A direct relationship exists between ankyrin repeat-containing proteins and plant development and growth. However, few studies have demonstrated a regulatory role of ANK during stress conditions (Sharma and Pandey, 2016). This interaction network suggests a role of AKR2 in plant ROS scavenging and metabolism.…”

Association mapping of agronomic traits of canola (Brassica napus L.) subject to heat stress under field conditions

“…Many other candidate genes were identified that are associated with the variation of number of pods per plants. Among the candidate genes, basic helixloop-helix (bHLH) DNA-binding superfamily protein that is involved in the development and dehiscence of seed and pod (Hudson and Hudson, 2015), protein kinase superfamily protein is involved in pollen abortion (Radchuk et al, 2006), pyruvate kinase family protein associated with early embryo abortion of flower (Zhang et al, 2014), ARM repeat superfamily protein is involved in self-incompatibility and reduction of pod number (Sharma and Pandey, 2016), chaperone DNAJ-domain superfamily protein is involved in male sterility (Yang et al, 2009), DNAJ heat shock Nterminal domain-containing protein that increases tolerance to heat and prevents fruit drop (Zhao et al, 2015), prolinerich family protein associated with flower and pod development (Giorno et al, 2013), adenine nucleotide alpha hydrolases-like superfamily protein is involved in male sterility (Mok and Mok, 2001), homeodomain-like protein regulates anther dehiscence (Wilson et al, 2011), cytochrome P450 is involved in the pollen tube development and fertilization (Zhao et al, 2015), pyruvate kinase family protein found associated with early embryo abortion (Zhang et al, 2014).…”