Expansion During Liquid Phase Sintering of Iron–Copper Compacts

Modelling of swelling of Fe–Cu compacts sintered at temperatures above the copper melting point

“…Lawcock and Davies [11] reported that maximum growth occurs at 8 wt.% Cu compact sintered at 1150 • C. Wanibe et al [12] found that a compact sintered at 1150 • C showed maximum swelling at 10 wt.% Cu. Several authors [1,[11][12][13] suggested that this critical copper content corresponds to the solubility limit of copper in ␥-iron at the sintering temperature. Trudel and Angers [13] proposed that during isothermal sintering, solid phase sintering mechanism is dominant at copper contents lower than the solubility limit of copper in iron.…”

Effect of heating mode on sinterability of carbonyl iron compacts

“…This effect has been extensively investigated by various researchers. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] In a similar manner, carbon is added to increase strength and hardness by forming a pearlite microstructure. Added to the benefits in mechanical properties, carbon has been used as a means of reducing the swelling induced by copper melt penetration.…”

Effect of copper and graphite addition on sinterability of iron

“…In spite of improvement in mechanical properties copper addition causes pronounced swelling during sintering which is called copper growth. This phenomenon has been extensively investigated by different researchers [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Berner et al [1] showed diffusion is too slow to account for the observed rapid rates of swelling.…”