Expansion of cancer care and control in countries of low and middle income: a call to action

Farmer, Paul; Frenk, Julio; Knaul, Felícia Marie; Shulman, Lawrence N.; Alleyne, George A.O.; Armstrong, Lance; Atun, Rifat; Blayney, Douglas W.; Chen, Lincoln; Feachem, Richard; Gospodarowicz, Mary K.; Gralow, Julie R.; Gupta, Sanjay; Langer, Ana; Lob-Levyt, Julian; Neal, Claire; Mbewu, Anthony; Mired, Dina; Piot, Peter; Reddy, K. Srinath; Sachs, Jeffrey D.; Sarhan, Mahmoud; Seffrin, John R.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61152-x

Cited by 654 publications

(537 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This time lag however should not discourage such policy. Due to the complex nature of the proposed policy, it is advised that the implementation of the proposed National Cancer Policy should start on a small scale, with gradual but steady expansion based on success with pilot areas and increasing availability of resources (DCP2, 2007) Finally, in the words of Farmer et al, "the time has come to challenge and disprove the widespread assumption that cancer will remain untreated in poor countries" (Farmer et al, 2010). A national emergency must be declared on cancer care in Nigeria, which will culminate in the formation of a National Cancer Policy and the establishment of Nigerian National Cancer Institute.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beyond Limitations: Practical Strategies for Improving Cancer Care in Nigeria

Eguzo

Camazine²

2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Well prepared slides can be photographed, transmitted via the internet to pathologists in distant places for interpretation. Evidence supports this approach in improving diagnosis and turn-around time in patient treatment (Farmer et al, 2010).…”

Section: Cancer Policy Suggestions For Nigeria (Resource-limited Settmentioning

confidence: 94%

Beyond Limitations: Practical Strategies for Improving Cancer Care in Nigeria

Eguzo

Camazine²

2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…[9] Yet treatment in these circumstances is demonstrably very cost-effective. [10] Indeed the Institute of Medicine in the USA has identified the treatment of highly curable cancers in young people as one of the three main strategies to address the global cancer crisis. [11] The governing tenet expressed by the Ponte di Legno Working Group a decade ago remains in force; that it is the right of all children in the world to have full access to the essential treatment of cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Access to Cytotoxic Medicines by Children With Cancer: A Focus on Low and Middle Income Countries

Barr

Robertson

2015

Pediatric Blood & Cancer

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Background The Essential Medicines Working Group of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) has proposed a list of antineoplastic drugs that should be available in low and middle income countries. Procedure Data were extracted on the listing of 18 essential and 8 ancillary antineoplastic medicines in the national essential medicines lists (NEMLs) or national reimbursable medicines lists (NRMLs) of 135 countries with gross national income (GNI) per capita of less than US $25,000. Correlations between numbers of medicines listed and GNI per capita, annual government health expenditure (AGHE) per capita, and the number of physicians per million people were examined. Results Listing of the 18 essential antineoplastic drugs ranged from 27% (thioguanine) to 95% (methotrexate). The median number of medicines listed was 7 (0–18) in low income countries (n = 26) and 14 in lower‐middle (n = 42), upper‐middle (n = 44), and high income countries (n = 20). For the ancillary eight medicines, the median was one (0–8) across the 135 countries. Correlations with GNI per capita (r = 0.17, P = 0.0266) and physician density (r = 0.25, P = 0.0017) were statistically significant; not so for AGHE per capita (r = 0.00, P = 0.5000). Conclusions There was large variability within income groups in numbers of antineoplastic agents identified as essential in NEMLs and NRMLs. While not a direct measure of availability, listing is an important step, guiding procurement for the public sector. These results focus attention on deficits in NEMLs and NMRLs as a step to improving access to effective antineoplastic medicines for cancers in children in low and middle income countries. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…Developing nations face issues of poorly developed and financially unsupported cervical cancer screenings programs (Farmer et al, 2010). Therefore, most cases of cervical cancer occur in low and middle income countries and the majority of cases are diagnosed in the later stages of the disease (Farmer et al, 2010;Scarinci et al, 2010). Developed nations also face high cervical cancer incidence and prevalence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Disparities between Black Hispanic and Black Non-Hispanic Cervical Cancer Cases in the USA

Khan¹,

Gabbidon²,

Abdool-Ghany³

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: Globally, cervical cancer is a major public health concern. Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women, resulting in approximately 500,000 cases per year. The purpose of this study is to compare disease characteristics between Black Hispanic (BH) and Black non-Hispanic (BNH) women in the US. Materials and Methods: We used stratified random sampling to select cervical cancer patient records from the SEER database (1973-2009). We used Chi-square and independent samples t-test to examine differences in proportions and means. Results: The sample included 2,000 cervical cancer cases of Black non-Hispanic and 91 Black Hispanic women. There were statistically significant differences between black Hispanic and black nonHispanics in mean age at diagnosis (p<0.001), mean survival time (p<0.001), marital status (p<0.001), primary site of cancer (p<0.001); lymph node involvement (p<0.001); grading and differentiation (p<0.0001); and tumor behavior (p<0.001). Black women were more likely to develop cervical cancer and to have the highest mortality rates from the disease. Conclusions: Findings from this study show clear racial and ethnic disparities in cervical cancer incidence and prognosis that should be addressed.

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Expansion of cancer care and control in countries of low and middle income: a call to action

Cited by 654 publications

References 25 publications

Beyond Limitations: Practical Strategies for Improving Cancer Care in Nigeria

Beyond Limitations: Practical Strategies for Improving Cancer Care in Nigeria

Access to Cytotoxic Medicines by Children With Cancer: A Focus on Low and Middle Income Countries

Health Disparities between Black Hispanic and Black Non-Hispanic Cervical Cancer Cases in the USA

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