Expansion of CD14+CD16+ Blood Monocytes in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure Undergoing Dialysis: Possible Involvement of Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor

Abstract

A novel subpopulation of blood monocytes coexpressing CD16 antigen and low levels of CD14 antigen (CD14+CD16+ monocytes) has recently been identified, and expansion of these CD14+CD16+ monocytes has been reported under some pathological conditions. In this study, we examined the immunophenotype of blood monocytes in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) who were undergoing hemodialysis (HD, n = 52) or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD, n = 36) using two-color immunofluorescence flow cytometry. The percentage and absolute number of CD14+CD16+ monocytes were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in both HD and CAPD patients compared with those in healthy control subjects. We also determined the plasma concentrations of hematopoietic growth factors and cytokines using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent immunoassay. The plasma levels of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) were markedly increased in both HD and CAPD patients relative to the normal controls. The plasma M-CSF levels correlated significantly with the number of CD14+CD16+ monocytes in the whole group of subjects. These findings suggest that elevated endogenous M-CSF levels may participate in the expansion of CD14+CD16+ monocytes in CRF patients undergoing dialysis.

A Shift towards Pro-Inflammatory CD16+ Monocyte Subsets with Preserved Cytokine Production Potential after Kidney Transplantation

“…In line with our results, the presence of an increased percentage of intermediate and non-classical monocytes in end-stage kidney disease patients undergoing dialysis has been reported [25], [26], [28], [32], [33] Scherberich et al found an increase in the monocyte subset co-expressing CD14 with CD16 in patients with chronic renal failure [27]. The authors investigated the effect of different immunosuppressive regimens on the frequency of intermediate and non-classical monocytes.…”

Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in the Pathogenesis of HIV Infection: Potential Target for Therapeutic Intervention

“…M-CSF, which is elevated in the CSF of HIV-1-infected children and adults with dementia (Gallo et al 1991(Gallo et al , 1994, may contribute to the expansion of mature and/or activated MPs in circulation and the trafficking of these cells into the CNS. In vitro studies have demonstrated CD16 upregulation by monocytes when treated with rhM-CSF (Ji et al 2000), and plasma M-CSF levels have been shown to correlate significantly with CD14 + CD16 + monocytes in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing dialysis (Saionji and Ohsaka 2001). Interestingly, using a mouse model with a null mutation in the M-CSF gene, Jin et al (2002) demonstrated that M-CSF-deficient mice were protected from neuroinvasion by Listeria monocytogenes, suggesting a role for M-CSF in facilitating entry of macrophages into the CNS.…”

Effect of Different Dialysis Modalities on Microinflammatory Status and Endothelial Damage

“…The percentage of proinflammatory blood monocytes with the CD14 ϩ CD16 ϩ phenotype is higher in hemodialysis (HD) patients (8,9), suggesting that these cells play an important role in the chronic inflammatory disease associated with uremia. CD14 ϩ CD16 ϩ cells have been described as a subset of human peripheral monocytes that are phenotypically more differentiated than CD14 ϩϩ and produce proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF and IL-6 (10,11).…”