Expansion of Rare Cancer Cells into Tumoroids for Therapeutic Regimen and Cancer Therapy

Enkhbat, Myagmartsend; Liu, Yung-Chiang; Kim, Jua; Xu, Yong; Yin, Zheng; Liu, Tzu-Ming; Deng, Chu‐Xia; Zou, Chang; Xie, Xin; Li, Xiaowu; Wang, Pengyuan

doi:10.1002/adtp.202100017

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 250 publications

(292 reference statements)

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“…For instance, when a late-stage cancer patient requires personalized drug screening, tumor cells can be isolated from the blood (e.g. CTCs and other tumor-associated cells) and cultured in these pre-made ATMs [99]. This approach offers several advantages, such as time-saving without surgery of tissue biopsies, convenience for patients with cancer metastasis and drug resistance, easy preparation for multiple cancer models, and supporting dynamic modeling during different cancer courses.…”

Section: Artificial Tumor Matrices (Atms)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial tumor matrices and bioengineered tools for tumoroid generation

Liu,

Chen,

Chang

et al. 2024

Biofabrication

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The tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical for tumor growth and metastasis. The TME contains cancer-associated cells, tumor matrix, and tumor secretory factors. The fabrication of artificial tumors, so-called tumoroids, is of great significance for understanding tumorigenesis and clinical cancer therapy. The assembly of multiple tumor cells and matrix components through interdisciplinary techniques is necessary to prepare various tumoroids. This article discusses current methods for constructing tumoroids (tumor tissue slices and tumor cell co-culture) for pre-clinical use. This article focuses on the artificial matrix materials (natural and synthetic materials) and biofabrication techniques (cell assembly, bioengineered tools, bioprinting, and microfluidic devices) used in tumoroids. This article also points out the shortcomings of current tumoroids and potential solutions. This article aims to promote the next-generation tumoroids and their potential in basic research and clinical application.

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Section: Artificial Tumor Matrices (Atms)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial tumor matrices and bioengineered tools for tumoroid generation

Liu,

Chen,

Chang

et al. 2024

Biofabrication

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“…Biomaterials and oncology experts have collaboratively explored structured substrates for capturing and growing CTC organoids 101 and following drug screening 87,102 . A family of structured patterns, named binary colloidal crystals (BCCs), have unique properties to attract and control tumour cell adhesions 103–105 .…”

Section: Pdtos and Assembloidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumour organoids and assembloids: Patient‐derived cancer avatars for immunotherapy

Mei,

Liu,

Tian

et al. 2024

Clinical & Translational Med

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BackgroundOrganoid technology is an emerging and rapidly growing field that shows promise in studying organ development and screening therapeutic regimens. Although organoids have been proposed for a decade, concerns exist, including batch‐to‐batch variations, lack of the native microenvironment and clinical applicability.Main bodyThe concept of organoids has derived patient‐derived tumour organoids (PDTOs) for personalized drug screening and new drug discovery, mitigating the risks of medication misuse. The greater the similarity between the PDTOs and the primary tumours, the more influential the model will be. Recently, ‘tumour assembloids’ inspired by cell‐coculture technology have attracted attention to complement the current PDTO technology. High‐quality PDTOs must reassemble critical components, including multiple cell types, tumour matrix, paracrine factors, angiogenesis and microorganisms. This review begins with a brief overview of the history of organoids and PDTOs, followed by the current approaches for generating PDTOs and tumour assembloids. Personalized drug screening has been practised; however, it remains unclear whether PDTOs can predict immunotherapies, including immune drugs (e.g. immune checkpoint inhibitors) and immune cells (e.g. tumour‐infiltrating lymphocyte, T cell receptor‐engineered T cell and chimeric antigen receptor‐T cell). PDTOs, as cancer avatars of the patients, can be expanded and stored to form a biobank.ConclusionFundamental research and clinical trials are ongoing, and the intention is to use these models to replace animals. Pre‐clinical immunotherapy screening using PDTOs will be beneficial to cancer patients.Key Points The current PDTO models have not yet constructed key cellular and non‐cellular components. PDTOs should be expandable and editable. PDTOs are promising preclinical models for immunotherapy unless mature PDTOs can be established. PDTO biobanks with consensual standards are urgently needed.

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“…These findings underscore the robustness and reliability of the BCC systems for in vitro culture of rare cells in a 3D environment. [52] Also, this approach has shown its effectiveness in drug sensitivity testing for various cancer, including head and neck. [53] and gastrointestinal cancers, [54] holding significant promise for advancing our understanding of CTCs and their clinical implications in cancer research.…”

Section: Bcc-based Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Next‐Generation Preclinical Functional Testing Models in Cancer Precision Medicine: CTC‐Derived Organoids

Huang,

Xu,

Wang

et al. 2023

Small Methods

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Basic and clinical cancer research requires tumor models that consistently recapitulate the characteristics of prima tumors. As ex vivo 3D cultures of patient tumor cells, patient‐derived tumor organoids possess the biological properties of primary tumors and are therefore excellent preclinical models for cancer research. Patient‐derived organoids can be established using primary tumor tissues, peripheral blood, pleural fluid, ascites, and other samples containing tumor cells. Circulating tumor cells acquired by non‐invasive sampling feature dynamic circulation and high heterogeneity. Circulating tumor cell‐derived organoids are prospective tools for the dynamic monitoring of tumor mutation evolution profiles because they reflect the heterogeneity of the original tumors to a certain extent. This review discusses the advantages and applications of patient‐derived organoids. Meanwhile, this work highlights the biological functions of circulating tumor cells, the latest advancement in research of circulating tumor cell‐derived organoids, and potential application and challenges of this technology.

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Expansion of Rare Cancer Cells into Tumoroids for Therapeutic Regimen and Cancer Therapy

Cited by 4 publications

References 250 publications

Artificial tumor matrices and bioengineered tools for tumoroid generation

Artificial tumor matrices and bioengineered tools for tumoroid generation

Tumour organoids and assembloids: Patient‐derived cancer avatars for immunotherapy

Next‐Generation Preclinical Functional Testing Models in Cancer Precision Medicine: CTC‐Derived Organoids

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