“…This includes Box-Cox transformations (Ezzamel & Mar-Molinero, 1990;Mcleay & Omar, 2000;Watson, 1990), logarithmic transformations (Cowen & Hoffer, 1982;Deakin, 1976;Sudarsanam & Taffler, 1995), transformations by ranges (Kane et al, 1998), by square roots (Deakin, 1976;Frecka, & Hopwood, 1983;Martikainen et al 1995), by generalized risk box (Bahiraie, Azhar & Ibrahim, 2010), and other processing methods, such as weight of evidence (Nikolic et al 2013), outlier trimming (Ezzamel & Mar-Molinero, 1990;Frecka & Hopwood, 1983;Lev & Sunder, 1979;Martikainen et al, 1995;So, 1987;Watson, 1990), and outlier winsorization (Lev & Sunder, 1979). Rondós-Casas et al (2018) has shown the usefulness of an alternative methodology for calculating sector ratios. This provides more reliable information on the capacity of a sector to globally return its debt over the short term.…”