Quark-hadron duality is a key concept in QCD, allowing for the description of
physical hadronic observables in terms of quark-gluon degrees of freedom. The
modern theoretical framework for its implementation is Wilson's operator
product expansion (OPE), supplemented by analytic extrapolation from large
Euclidean momenta, where the OPE is defined, to the Minkowski axis, where
observable quantities are defined. Recently, the importance of additional terms
in the expansion of QCD correlators near the Minkowski axis, responsible for
quark-hadron duality violations (DVs), was emphasized. In this paper we
introduce a mathematical tool that might be useful for the study of DVs in QCD.
It is based on finding the minimal distance, measured in the $L^\infty$ norm
along a contour in the complex momentum plane, between a class of admissible
functions containing the physical amplitude and the asymptotic expansion
predicted by the OPE. This minimal distance is given by the norm of a Hankel
matrix that can be calculated exactly, using as input the experimental spectral
function on a finite interval of the timelike axis. We also comment on the
relation between the new functional tool and the more commonly used
$\chi^2$-based analysis. The approach is illustrated on a toy model for the QCD
polarization function recently proposed in the literature.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure