Expansive reed populations—alien invasion or disturbed wetlands?

Canavan, Kim; Paterson, Iain D.; Lambertini, Carla; Hill, Martin

doi:10.1093/aobpla/ply014

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Genetic studies show native populations to be expanding in their range and abundance in southern Africa. This is attributed to anthropogenic activities and in the case of P. australis is labelled expansive and not invasive (Canavan et al 2018). Catchment disturbance and dam development also promote reed and sedge expansion through reducing floods that results in channel siltation.…”

Section: Emergent Macrophytes: Reeds and Sedgesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient enrichment as a threat to the ecological resilience and health of South African microtidal estuaries

Adams

Taljaard

Niekerk

et al. 2020

African Journal of Aquatic Science

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Journal of Aquatic Science is co-published by NISC (Pty) Ltd and Informa UK Limited (trading as Taylor & Francis Group) water and to the quality of the water concerned' (OSPAR 2003). Eutrophication is characterised by a surge in primary production in response to nutrient loading that results in a loss of submerged aquatic vegetation, oxygen depletion, harmful algal blooms, imbalanced food webs, lower biodiversity, altered biogeochemical cycling and fish-kills (Conley et al. 2009; Ferreira et al. 2011; Lemley and Adams 2019a; Van Niekerk et al. 2019a). Depending on the scale of nutrient enrichment and the type of estuary, these impacts can cause the state of an estuary to change from one dominated by macrophytes to another dominated by phytoplankton and/or macroalgae (Dahlgren and Kautsky 2004; Smith and Schindler 2009; Nunes and Adams 2014; Lemley et al. 2018c). South Africa has a range of estuary types that occur across four biogeographic regions; cool temperate, warm temperate, subtropical and tropical (Whitfield 1992; Van Niekerk et al. 2020). Nutrient enrichment is a serious concern not only in temporarily closed estuaries (e.g. Groot Brak), but also in large permanently open systems

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Section: Emergent Macrophytes: Reeds and Sedgesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient enrichment as a threat to the ecological resilience and health of South African microtidal estuaries

Adams

Taljaard

Niekerk

et al. 2020

African Journal of Aquatic Science

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“…This significant structure could be due to the high genetic diversity dispersed by the seeds of an octoploid allopolyploid. Lack of a regional geographic structure is a common feature of P. australis populations in Europe 29 – 31 , North America 32 and South Africa 33 . Even in Australia, Haplotype P populations are not genetically distinct 15 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic diversity shapes salt tolerance in Phragmites australis estuarine populations in East China

Lambertini

Guo

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Estuaries are dynamic and selective environments that provide frequent opportunities for the turnover of Phragmites australis populations. We studied Phragmites genetic diversity patterns in three of the major deltas of China, viz. the Yellow River, the Yangtze and the Liaohe, in relation to Phragmites global phylogeography and soil salinity. We found that two distantly related P. australis haplotypes, each with intercontinental distribution, co-occur in these deltas in China. One is European Phragmites (Haplotype O) and is related to P. japonicus; the other (Haplotype P) has its range in East Asia and Australia and is related to the Asian tropical species P. karka. The two haplotypes have differing salt tolerance, with Haplotype O in areas with the highest salinity and Haplotype P in areas with the lowest. Introgressed hybrids of Haplotype P with P. karka, and F1 hybrids with Haplotype O, have higher salt tolerance than Haplotype P. Phylogenetic diversity appears as the factor that better explains population structure and salinity tolerance in these estuaries. Future research may explain whether the two P. australis haplotypes evolved in East Asia, and East Asia is a center of Phragmites diversity, or are introduced and a threat to P. japonicus and P. karka.

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“…Their presence and growth in ecosystems have important consequences for the structure and composition of their communities (Chambers et al 1999;Meyerson et al 2000;Meyerson 2000;Holmes et al 2005;Richardson et al 2007a;Packer et al 2017). In particular, invasive reeds efficiently exploit space and nutrients, allowing them to take advantage of natural and human-induced Meyerson et al 1999;Canavan et al 2018b). Tall-statured grass species (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tall-statured grasses: a useful functional group for invasion science

et al. 2018

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Species in the grass family (Poaceae) have caused some of the most damaging invasions in natural ecosystems, but plants in this family are also among the most widely used by humans. Therefore, it is important to be able to predict their likelihood of naturalisation and impact. We explore whether plant height is of particular importance in determining naturalisation success and impact in Poaceae by comparing naturalisation of tall-statured grasses (TSGs; defined as grass species that maintain a self-supporting height of 2 m or greater) to non-TSGs using the Global Naturalised Alien Flora database. We review the competitive traits of TSGs and collate risk assessments conducted on TSGs. Of the c. 11,000 grass species globally, 929 qualify (c. 8.6%) as TSGs. 80.6% of TSGs are woody bamboos, with the remaining species scattered among 21 tribes in seven subfamilies. When all grass species were analysed, TSGs and non-TSGs did not differ significantly in the probability of naturalisation. However, when we analysed woody bamboos separately from the other grasses,

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Expansive reed populations—alien invasion or disturbed wetlands?

Cited by 17 publications

References 60 publications

Nutrient enrichment as a threat to the ecological resilience and health of South African microtidal estuaries

Nutrient enrichment as a threat to the ecological resilience and health of South African microtidal estuaries

Phylogenetic diversity shapes salt tolerance in Phragmites australis estuarine populations in East China

Tall-statured grasses: a useful functional group for invasion science

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