Expected Years of Life Lost Due to Adult Cancer Mortality in Yazd (2004-2010)

Abstract

Despite achievements in controlling and preventing infectious diseases in recent decades, the incidence of chronic diseases, especially cancer, follows an increasing trend due to aging of populations, changes in lifestyle, increased smoking, immobility, and poor diet, which will double the burden of the disease (Etemadi et al., 2008;Thun et al., 2010;Keyghobadi et al., 2015;Zahedi et al., 2015). Therefore, studies on the incidence of cancer and cancer-induced mortalities in different geographical areas with different cultures can help in identification of factors affecting the incidence of cancer.A total of 14.9 million new cases and 8.2 million deaths from cancer occurred in 2013, and 196.3 million Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) of people's life was lost. Developing countries contribute to 62% of cancer-induced mortalities and 70% of years of life lost (YLL) (Lozano et al., 2012;Fitzmaurice et al., 2015). Cancer is the second and the third cause of death in developed countries and the world, respectively. Despite improved preventive measures and the development of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, it has rised by more AbstractThe number of deaths is often measured to monitor the population health status and priority of health problems. However, number of years of life lost (YLL) is a more appropriate indicator in some cases. We have calculated the YLL of adult cancers and its trend over the past few years in Yazd to provide planners with baseline data. Data obtained from death registration system were used to calculate the YLL, based on each individual's age at death, and the standardized expected YLL method was applied with a discount rate of 0.03, an age weight of 0.04, and a correction factor of 0.165. All data were analyzed and prepared in Epi6 and Excel 2007. A total of 3,850 death records were analyzed. Some 550 patients in Yazd province aged ≥20 die annually due to cancer (male: female ratio 1.3). The average ages at death in lung, CNS, breast cancer and leukemia cases were 68.5, 59, 58.7 and 61, respectively. The age group of 40-59 with 21 % had the highest cancer mortality percentage. Premature cancer deaths have caused 40,753 YLL (5,823 YLL annually). Females lose on average more life years to cancer than do men (11.6 vs 9.8 years). Lung cancer (12.1%), CNS tumors (11.7%) and leukemia (11.4 %) were the leading causes terms of YLL due to all cancers in both sexes. From 2004 to 2010, cancer-caused YLL as a fraction of all YLL increased from 12.8 to 15.2 %. This study can help in the assessment of health care needs and prioritization. Cancer is the major cause of deaths and the trend is increasing. The use of YLLs is a better index for measurement of premature mortality for ranking of diseases than is death counts. Longer periods of observation will make these trends more robust and will help to evaluate and develop, better public health interventions.

Global surveillance of trends in cancer survival 2000–14 (CONCORD-3): analysis of individual records for 37 513 025 patients diagnosed with one of 18 cancers from 322 population-based registries in 71 countries

“…Population-based cancer survival is increasingly recognised as a key indicator of the overall effectiveness of the health systems in managing care and treatment for all cancer patients. 46,47 Other outcome measures with applications in cancer control include the number of avoidable premature deaths, 48–53 person-years of life lost, 54,55 disability-adjusted life-years lost, 56 and levels of population “cure”. 57–61 Cancer survival has applications to cancer control and health policy at the state, national and global levels, in both high-income and low-income countries.…”

The Trend of Years of Life Lost due to Gastrointestinal Cancers in Fars (Iran) 2004-2019

“…Colorectal cancers took 10.0 and 10.2 yr of Yazdi patients’ lives while the same index was 12.76 and 14.59 yr for Farsi patients. The indices for pancreatic cancer was 8.9 and 7.8 in Yazd and 12.1 and 14.0 in Fars ( 16 ).…”

Gender differences in premature mortality for cardiovascular disease in India, 2017–18

“…Estimates of YLL (Years of Life Lost) were used in the analysis. YLL was calculated considering the discounting rate of 3% [ 26 – 29 ].The discounting rate reflects the social preference for a healthy year now rather than in the future. The value of a year of life is generally decreased annually by a fixed percentage.…”