Expecting the Unexpected? Expectations for Future Success Among Adolescent First‐Time Offenders

Mahler, Alissa; Fine, Adam; Frick, Paul J.; Steinberg, Laurence; Cauffman, Elizabeth

doi:10.1111/cdev.12977

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Within this same analysis, because police bias exhibited a quadratic growth trend, we specified a quadratic growth curve model for police bias that was also regressed on all covariates. Following prior literature (Mahler et al 2018; Shulman et al, 2017), we examined the correlations between the police legitimacy and police bias growth factors to determine the extent to which their growth was interdependent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of police legitimacy and bias from ages 13 to 22 among Black, Latino, and White justice-involved males.

Fine¹,

Amemiya²,

Frick³

et al. 2021

Law and Human Behavior

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Objective: Although researchers, policymakers, and practitioners recognize the importance of the public's perceptions of police, few studies have examined developmental trends in adolescents and young adults' views of police. Hypotheses: Hypothesis 1: Perceptions of police legitimacy would exhibit a Ushaped curve, declining in adolescence before improving in young adulthood. Hypothesis 2: At all ages, Black youth would report more negative perceptions of police legitimacy than Latino youth, who would report more negative perceptions than White youth. Hypothesis 3: Perceptions of police bias would be consistently associated with worse perceptions of police legitimacy. Method: Utilizing longitudinal data from the Crossroads Study, this study examined within-person trends in males' perceptions of police legitimacy from ages 13 to 22, as well as whether perceptions of police bias were associated with perceptions of police legitimacy. Results: Perceptions of police legitimacy followed a U-shaped curve that declined during adolescence, reached its lowest point around age 18, and improved during the transition to young adulthood. Compared with White youth, Latino and Black youth had shallower curves in perceptions of police legitimacy that exhibited less improvement during the transition to adulthood. Further, perceptions of police bias were consistently associated with more negative perceptions of police legitimacy across races and ages. Conclusions: While perceptions of police legitimacy may decline during adolescence before improving during the transition to adulthood, perceptions of police bias are consistently negatively related to youth and young adults' perceptions of police legitimacy. Public Significance StatementWhile perceptions of police legitimacy declined during adolescence and increased during adulthood within this justice-involved sample, perceptions of biased policing were consistently related to worsened legitimacy across adolescence and into young adulthood. Researchers should account for age in legal socialization and procedural justice studies, and law enforcement should note that eliminating biased policing is likely vital for improving perceptions of police legitimacy for both adolescents and adults.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of police legitimacy and bias from ages 13 to 22 among Black, Latino, and White justice-involved males.

Fine¹,

Amemiya²,

Frick³

et al. 2021

Law and Human Behavior

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The authors point out that the tools displayed are merely examples and should not be seen to be the 'only solution', nor to be unsuited to other tasks. There are many other models which can be used when hypotheses examine within-person change, for example the auto-regressive latent trajectory model with structured residuals (Mahler, Fine, Frick, Steinberg and Cauffman (2018), or latent class modeling (Lanza and Cooper 2016).…”

Section: Insert Figure 2 Herementioning

confidence: 99%

A within-person theoretical perspective in sales research: outlining recommendations for adoption and consideration of boundary conditions

Childs

Lee

Dewsnap

et al. 2019

Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management

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“…Recent data suggests that first-time adolescent offenders who subsequently partake in less crime tend to develop improved expectations, and those with higher expectations commit fewer crimes (49). Thus, investigation of cognitive treatments for this population are imperative.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Training for Very High Risk Incarcerated Adolescent Males

et al. 2020

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Objective: Persistent violent and antisocial behavior, as manifested in conduct disorder (CD) traits, are associated with a range of cognitive deficits. Individuals with more severe cognitive deficits are more likely to commit violent crimes. Currently, no treatments target improving cognition in high-risk CD youth. This pilot study tests the feasibility and efficacy of delivering intensive tablet-based cognitive training (CT) to adolescent males incarcerated in a youth maximum-security prison. Methods: Participants were fourteen adolescent males, diagnosed with CD. All participants completed up to 30 h of unsupervised, intensive, adaptive CT exercises that targeted multiple neurocognitive domains, as well as a battery of standardized neurocognitive measures and computerized assessments at baseline and post-training. Conclusions and Implications for Practice: At baseline, participants exhibited significant impairments on neurocognitive measures, relative to age-matched healthy controls. Twelve participants completed training and showed evidence of target engagement, as indexed by improvement in cognitive processing speed. Significant gains were observed in measures of global cognition, with additional gains in cognitive flexibility at trend level significance. Improvements in these measures were positively related to total training time. In summary, both assessments and intervention appear to be feasible, tolerable, and acceptable in incarcerated youth. Intensive CT shows preliminary efficacy in improving neurocognitive performance in key domains, with large effect sizes, and significant performance improvement associations with the time in training.

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Expecting the Unexpected? Expectations for Future Success Among Adolescent First‐Time Offenders

Cited by 11 publications

References 64 publications

Perceptions of police legitimacy and bias from ages 13 to 22 among Black, Latino, and White justice-involved males.

Perceptions of police legitimacy and bias from ages 13 to 22 among Black, Latino, and White justice-involved males.

A within-person theoretical perspective in sales research: outlining recommendations for adoption and consideration of boundary conditions

Cognitive Training for Very High Risk Incarcerated Adolescent Males

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